tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-43642916855114700722024-03-21T16:15:10.315-07:00文化與地理的關鍵性交會Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.comBlogger28125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-61507427636185151792016-10-16T22:05:00.003-07:002016-10-16T22:10:59.457-07:00人氣回升的同志空間:228公園的過去與現在<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="http://www.geog-daily.org/2444422320303402010765372yours/228">本文是2016年地理奧林匹亞團體賽的小論文〈228公園及其男同志文化:論公共空間中的同性情慾實踐〉部份研究成果,刊載於2016年10月15日《地理眼》 (Geog Daily) 。作者吳映萱、黃勁惟、韓郡現為康橋雙語學校G12學生,賴彥甫是指導老師。</a><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">「回溫」的</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">228</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">公園</span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2015</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">11</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">7</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">日這天,我們參加了由「台北城市散步」舉辦的主題導覽行程「彩虹足跡-同志歷史空間說故事」。擔任此次活動的導覽員是長年致力於同志運動的喀飛,而其導覽的路線,集中於台北車站週遭,包括</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園、常德街、南陽戲院舊址,以及西門紅樓廣場等。經由喀飛的導覽,我們得以一窺台灣的同志文化史。這些地點作為歷史上的同志空間,彼此之間存在著聯繫,其中著名的例子便是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2006</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">07</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年間西門紅樓廣場的興起間接導致了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園活動人數銳減的情況。當前男同志圈對</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園的印象是一處由盛轉衰的活動地點,並且普遍認為,如果還有男同志在那邊活動的話,應該都是偏中、老年齡層。不過,當喀飛提到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園時,有些同行的參與者不約而同地指出近一、兩年,也就是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2015</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">16</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年間,在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園裡活動的男同志人數似乎有增加的趨勢,且比例上有不少是介於二、三十來歲的年輕人(照片</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; 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mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我們對此感到好奇,為何這些所謂年輕一代的男同志到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園活動呢?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">從</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2015</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">11</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月起,我們前往</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園進行田野調查,到特定的區域進行觀察,其中包括傳聞中有較多同志聚集的南側區域,以及靠捷運台大醫院站的公廁週遭。我們在每次參與觀察後,皆將過程鉅細靡遺地記錄下來。由於要對現場的同志進行訪談很不容易,因此我們還透過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">PTT</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">等管道來認識曾在公園活動過的同志。截至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2016</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">8</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月為止,我們正式對</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">12</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">位曾在公園活動的年輕同志(介於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">20-30</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">歲之間)進行訪談,但在這篇文章中我們僅列部份資料。另外,我們也與公園駐警隊做了非正式的訪談。透過上述過程,我們試圖從中理解</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園的男同志文化「回溫」的現象。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">228</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">公園的歷史與現況</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園是個有趣的休閒空間,它集結了來自不同歷史階段的建築,例如清領時期的貞節牌坊、日本時代的博物館、彰顯大中國思想的庭園樓閣景觀及為了平反</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">事件的紀念碑等,可說是個充滿國族政治張力的空間。因為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園本身鄰近台北車站及西門町等人潮匯聚之處,再加上它又保有些距離,所以便提供了能夠吸引較多潛在同性戀人口前來活動的條件(圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。從日本時代開始,它即是個同性情慾潛伏流動的空間(台灣文學工作室,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2015:
59-61</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。根據幾位老年同志的敘述,現在的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園從他們年輕時期開始,就已是有名的同志聚集地(台灣同志諮詢熱線協會,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2010</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。足以看見,這個公園作為同志空間的歷史已相當悠久。</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftn2" title="">[2]</a></span></span><a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftn2" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園的位置,以及與西門商圈、台北車站的相對位置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(資料來源:作者自行繪製,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2016</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 在過去較為封閉、壓抑的年代裡,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園是個可以認識其他同志、實踐同性情慾的熱門場所。賴正哲(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2005</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)在《去公司上班:新公園男同志的情慾空間》一書中對</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園近半世紀的發展有相當詳細的記錄。</span><a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在他的書寫中,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園不只是一個尋求同性歡愉的場所,更是同志圈的社交空間。然而,由於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園是個公共空間,且鄰近政府機要,因此常處在不同群體爭奪使用權的過程。因為台灣一直是個以異性戀思維所主導的社會,尤其在過去更是如此,所以同性情慾及同志身分本身都是無法被正視且無法以正常的思維來理解的。過去同志族群為了躲避警察,常在公園裡四處躲藏。而如此情節,更是白先勇以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園的男同志故事為題的小說《孽子》中令人印象深刻的文學場景。上述警察的行動,可以被理解為國家公權力試圖掌控這個空間的實際作為。由此可知,公園對同志們來說,不完全是個安全的歸屬之地,而是時常需要與警察周旋的政治空間。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 從</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">90</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代開始,隨著同志運動在台灣的發展,整體社會也對同志議題有更多的認識,同志的處境也變得較好。</span><a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">不僅如此,原本與同志族群有不少衝突的警察,近年一改態度,不再無故臨檢也不再強制驅逐那些在公園逗留的男同志,例如現在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園的駐衛警察僅在爭議發生時就事論事出面處理。</span><a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">隨著上述社會風氣的轉變,許多同志的消費空間,如夜店、酒吧、餐廳等也漸漸興起。另外,在資訊科技日新月異的進步下,同志也比過去更容易取得其他同志相關的資訊,也更容易結交到圈內朋友。例如近幾年同志交友軟體的發展甚至能讓使用者清楚知道自己週遭是否有「同類」存在。也因為同志在日常生活中能認識圈內朋友的途徑越來越多,所以過去著名的同志空間,例如我們研究的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園,也在這樣的發展過程中慢慢成為上一世代同志們的共同回憶。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 雖然在一般認知中,現在的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園已經不是熱絡的同志活動據點,但事實上並非如此。入夜後,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園南側是男同志的活動熱區,亦即所謂的獵豔區。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園具備了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Weinberg &
Williams (1975: 126) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">談到的幾個有利於隨機發生性行為場所的條件,像是相對不易被看到的地方、能以最少花費吸引最多潛在的性伴侶、彼此可輕易瞭解的簡單規則,以及意氣相投的氣氛等。而公園南側之所以成為獵豔區,可以透過圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">來解釋。首先,由於南側一帶的路燈的空間分布來說相對集中,因此顯得較為漆黑的區域就會多一點,例如靠懷寧街與凱達格蘭大道交會處的區域,以及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">紀念館週遭。</span><a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">再來,就人潮動向方面,根據觀察,相對白天較為均勻分布的狀況,天黑後人潮主要沿著兩條路徑成形。這兩條路徑都指向捷運台大醫院站,且都分布於公園北側。相對的,南側因不像北側有頻繁的人潮,所以形成相對獨立的區域。綜合以上因素,公園南側便成為同志活動熱區。也因為這樣,常到公園活動的男同志都知道,只要到了天黑以後,尤其是過了晚上九點、十點,還在南側逗留、閒逛的,通常就都是「自己人」了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWByl06x2A1TOTn1UlcFN_rO4CCL-vycalG4YHAqdZCg9e9agkOuKcow-4nJ4MhurCuZKNRsQ8Yec_2aW1mQ5xEl_jeVZeEyDGQcvqX1TXZw1AuRdy7LQZXV5LjPXAnPzc3BpT5gHSc7ko/s1600/%25E4%25BA%258C%25E4%25BA%258C%25E5%2585%25AB%25E5%2585%25AC%25E5%259C%2592%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%2590%258C%25E5%25BF%2597%25E7%25A9%25BA%25E9%2596%2593%25EF%25BC%259A%25E8%25B7%25AF%25E7%2587%2588%25E7%2585%25A7%25E6%2598%258E%25E7%25AF%2584%25E5%259C%258D%25E3%2580%2581%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E6%25BD%25AE%25E5%258B%2595%25E5%2590%2591%25E8%2588%2587%25E5%2590%258C%25E6%2580%25A7%25E6%2583%2585%25E6%2585%25BE%25E5%25AF%25A6%25E8%25B8%2590%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%25A9%25BA%25E9%2596%2593%25E9%2597%259C%25E4%25BF%2582_%25E7%2584%25A1%25E5%2590%258D%25E7%2589%2588.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWByl06x2A1TOTn1UlcFN_rO4CCL-vycalG4YHAqdZCg9e9agkOuKcow-4nJ4MhurCuZKNRsQ8Yec_2aW1mQ5xEl_jeVZeEyDGQcvqX1TXZw1AuRdy7LQZXV5LjPXAnPzc3BpT5gHSc7ko/s320/%25E4%25BA%258C%25E4%25BA%258C%25E5%2585%25AB%25E5%2585%25AC%25E5%259C%2592%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%2590%258C%25E5%25BF%2597%25E7%25A9%25BA%25E9%2596%2593%25EF%25BC%259A%25E8%25B7%25AF%25E7%2587%2588%25E7%2585%25A7%25E6%2598%258E%25E7%25AF%2584%25E5%259C%258D%25E3%2580%2581%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E6%25BD%25AE%25E5%258B%2595%25E5%2590%2591%25E8%2588%2587%25E5%2590%258C%25E6%2580%25A7%25E6%2583%2585%25E6%2585%25BE%25E5%25AF%25A6%25E8%25B8%2590%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%25A9%25BA%25E9%2596%2593%25E9%2597%259C%25E4%25BF%2582_%25E7%2584%25A1%25E5%2590%258D%25E7%2589%2588.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園的路燈照明範圍、人潮動向與同性情慾實踐的空間關係</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(資料來源:作者自行調查與繪製,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2016</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">到公園去</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 為什麼年輕一輩的男同志要到公園活動呢?根據訪談,男同志到公園活動的理由很多樣。有的是因為尋求與他人發生性行為的機會;有的是因為想尋求一種身分的歸屬感而來;而有的,則是因為剛好在台北車站附近活動(例如,補習),有了時間便到公園晃晃,沒有特定目的。雖然我們取得的說法很多樣,但是根據我們在現場觀察以及互動的經驗,發現大多數來此活動的同志,常常是抱著一種期待能發生豔遇,甚至是與他人發生性行為的心情而來。不過,要解釋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園的「回溫」現象,必須從近年同志交友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">APP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在圈內的流行談起。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 就像稍早說的,台灣社會對待同志族群的態度越來越開放,以及資通訊技術的進步,例如同志交友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">APP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的發展,使得</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園作為同志空間的意義漸漸式微。不過有趣的事情是,近年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園的「回溫」現象,其實與圈內使用同志交友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">APP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的文化脫離不了關係。同志交友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">APP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,例如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Jack'd</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Hornet</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">等,提供了同志族群一種視覺化的互動方式。而這類</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">APP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在男同志間的流行,進一步在圈內形成一些潛在的互動文化,例如使用者多半在個人資料上註明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">NFNC</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,也就是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">No
Face No Chat</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。由於有不少人透過這類交友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">APP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">與他人相約從事性行為,解決情慾方面的需求,因此使用者多半會想在與他人互動前得知對方的樣貌與身材。也因為這樣,這類</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">APP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的流行使得圈內形成相當明確的有關於同志樣貌的美學典範。如果要是一個在視覺上受歡迎的同志,那麼通常都是有臉蛋且固定上健身房練身材的男同志。</span><a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">不符上述特徵的男同志便在交友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">APP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的流行以及連帶規範的形成之下難以獲得機會與他人發生性行為。在這樣的情況下,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園就成為一個相對容易實踐同性情慾的地方。即使男同志面對面的互動仍考量了彼此的外貌是否合意,但因為是否與他人發生性行為不全然只受到圈內主流美學的影響,還必須考量現場互動的影響,以及視發生哪種性行為而定。關於這一點,值得多做說明。一般在公園能夠從事的性行為不一定是肛交,可能是愛撫、打手槍或者口交。如果只是彼此合意愛撫,或者只是互相打個手槍,不一定要符合自己心目中理想的「菜」的標準才能進行。</span><a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">因此,一些平常在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">APP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">上比較「吃虧」的男同志便相對容易在這裡獲得與他人發生性行為的機會。也因為來</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園活動的男同志主要是不符主流美學的類型,所以這裡便常被認為是個沒什麼「好菜」的地方,</span><a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">也就是在圈內性階序上被形塑為比較不被慾望的同志空間。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">小結</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 透過以上說明,我們可以知道,近年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園的「回溫」現象,對某些同志來說,某程度上是一種不得不的結果。如果我們把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園看作是同志空間並且放到歷史中做前後對比的話,可以發現,男同志之所以聚集公園,過去與現在,在某程度上都源自某種性/別權力關係下無可奈何的情境,只是承受的壓力來源不同。粗略地說,前者主要來自圈外,表現在社會認同方面,而後者則來自圈內,表現在情慾實踐方面。另外,對</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園的同志文化的考察也顯示,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">APP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">這類對同志認同來說相當重要的虛擬空間,究竟促成了哪些實際的正反效果,是值得多做討論的議題。礙於篇幅有限,有許多資料以及論述未能完整呈現,但希望這些討論,有助於我們對同志空間的發展,乃至對具備不同條件的男同志及其處境,有更進一步的認識和思考。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">參考文獻</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">台灣文學工作室(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2015</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)《百年不退流行的台北文青生活案內帖》。台北:本事出版。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">台灣同志諮詢熱線協會(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2010</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)《彩虹熟年巴士:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">12</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">位老年同志的青春記憶》。台北市:基本書坊。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.77; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">台灣同志遊行(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2016</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)〈關於台灣同志遊行聯盟〉[</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">online</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">]</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">.2016/6/30.
Available: http://twpride.org/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">賴正哲(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2005</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)《去公司上班:新公園男同志的情慾空間》。台北:女書文化。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Humphreys,
L. (1975) Tearoom trade: Impersonal sex in public places. New York: Aldine Pub.
</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">高穎超譯(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2016</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)《茶室交易》。新北:群學。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Weinberg,
M. S. and Williams, C. J. (1975) Gay baths and the social organization of
impersonal sex. <i>Social Problems</i>,
23(2): 124-136.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我們難以針對這個現象提出統計數據來佐證,僅是透過不同人的經驗陳述來支持此現象的存在。</span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">喀飛在導覽中,說明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園之所以成為有名的同志聚集地,與它鄰近交通節點但又保有些許距離的區位特性有關。田野筆記(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2015</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">11</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">7</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">日)。在此,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Humphreys (2016) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">經典的「茶室」研究所探討的非個人化的性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> (impersonal sex) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">發生的地點,也提出類似看法。他所觀察的有頻繁的同性戀(性)活動的公廁,位於交通便利但又保有一定隱密性的地方</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> (p. 35-37) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">賴正哲(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2005</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)指出在公園裡,同志們都有著各自不同的背景,例如不同的年齡、省籍以及階級身分等(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">p.85</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。其中,也包含一些逃家的少年。在過去那個無法表現同志身分的年代裡,同志在公園這樣的公共空間中,常常是透過眼神來判斷彼此是否為「同道中人」(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">p.120-121</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。在公園裡,同志聚集在此處交朋友,或者實踐同性情慾,如在公廁裡偷瞄別人上廁所,甚至愛撫、口交等(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">p.122-125</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。而在這個過程中,同志會對於自己的情慾及同志身分有更進一步的了解,並慢慢對公園這個「圈子」產生認同感(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">p.133-134</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公園也就在這樣的過程中成為許多同志的活動及認同空間。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">以同志大遊行為例。從</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2003</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年開始至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2015</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年為止,每年參與遊行的人數逐年上升,從一開始的兩千多人到今天的七萬多人,顯示社會中有越來越多人願意站出來支持同志族群,與他們站在同一陣線抨擊歧視言論並協助爭取平等權益。關於同志大遊行,可參考台灣同志遊行(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2016</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">根據我們與幾位</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公園的駐衛警察進行的非正式訪談,近年在公園駐守的警察已不再視同志族群為問題份子。平常警察會特別前往巡邏、查看的,多是先前曾發生吸毒,或者像是有男同志在公廁偷窺他人進而導致他人心生不快等爭議發生的地點。即便警察知道同志多出沒在公園的哪些地方,但只要沒有維安事故發生,他們就不會前往打擾。田野筆記(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2016</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">8</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">9</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">日)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">關於地圖中所標示的路燈照明範圍,其半徑為</span><span lang="EN-US">5.6</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公尺。根據口頭詢問台北市公園處路燈科提供的資訊,</span><span lang="EN-US">228</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公園之路燈規格屬於照度</span><span lang="EN-US">80lux</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的一公尺距離的燈具。由於照度與距離的平方呈反比,再加上</span><span lang="EN-US">2lux</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">是一般動線所需最少照明亮,因此從燈具為中心點出發的可視直線半徑的估算可表現如下:</span><span lang="EN-US">80/d^2=2;
D=6.325</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。以上所說的直線半徑是斜照到地面的距離,而一般公園路燈的高度約</span><span lang="EN-US">3.5</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">到</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公尺,所以距離「光源下方三公尺」水平面的光照半徑為:</span><span lang="EN-US">6.325^2-3^2=5.6m</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">受訪者小齊說:「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">交友軟體看起來很方便,但其實只是對某些人方便而已,尤其是那些會拍照或者有好臉蛋好身材的同志。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」田野筆記(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2016</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">3</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">20</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">日)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">訪談阿韋。田野筆記(</span><span lang="EN-US">2016</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">月</span><span lang="EN-US">17</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日)。</span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/LaiYannFu/08%20%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF/1051015%20%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%9C%BC_%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%9B%9E%E5%8D%87%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%EF%BC%9A228%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在我們從事田野調查的過程中,常常聽受訪者提及類似說法。</span></div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-73208225039360878402016-03-06T05:23:00.004-08:002016-03-06T05:29:13.378-08:00展演「C/娘」的音樂文化:台北同志夜店 G*Star 的 Asia Pop 與男同志身分的建構<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">改寫自我的碩士論文《展演「</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">/娘」的音樂文化:台北同志夜店</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> G*Star </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">男同志的身分建構與性/別政治》的期刊文章,終於發表在《女學學誌:婦女與性別研究》的第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">37</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">期了。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 改寫自我的碩士論文《展演「</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">/娘」的音樂文化:台北同志夜店</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> G*Star </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">男同志的身分建構與性/別政治》的期刊文章,終於發表在《女學學誌:婦女與性別研究》的第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">37</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">期了。這篇文章是碩士論文的部分研究成果。寫作這篇文章期間,得到許多人的幫忙,讓我深刻瞭解到,一篇期刊論文的誕生是多麼的不容易。如果大家對這篇論文有興趣的話,可以從我的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/%E8%B3%B4%E5%BD%A5%E7%94%AB">ACADEMIA</a></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">下載。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 雖然期刊出版前,經過兩次校閱,但還是有些錯誤沒有及時改過,以下是該文的疏漏列表。給對這篇文章有興趣的讀者參考:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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theory</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">應改正為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">non-representational
theory</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-16165596443636203572016-01-25T06:24:00.000-08:002016-01-25T06:30:09.777-08:00台姊浪潮:謝金燕的台客文藝復興與男同志舞曲文化<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoboMOcx9Ty5QTyDj7OFj1y5SwOMf6lHF0xB6tANcEKq6Hqembh0zbdds2dGLHG8IZtGZObxcbmvpq81fD6F-xdanhNvgFJ7dO4G5bq794_ImFKHjwmdNO15L0RHhEv-rO3oO4Jg3XdgI4/s1600/mi1020701_4_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoboMOcx9Ty5QTyDj7OFj1y5SwOMf6lHF0xB6tANcEKq6Hqembh0zbdds2dGLHG8IZtGZObxcbmvpq81fD6F-xdanhNvgFJ7dO4G5bq794_ImFKHjwmdNO15L0RHhEv-rO3oO4Jg3XdgI4/s400/mi1020701_4_01.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://popcultureacademytw.wordpress.com/2015/12/14/thewaveoftaiwansister/">本文刊載於《流行文化學院》第四期專題「台灣流行學:俗文化、混種美學與娛樂政治」(2015年12月出刊)。</a><br />
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 現在一想到謝金燕,就想到她</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2013</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年夏天推出的〈姐姐〉。這首歌一放上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">YouTube</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">便迅速紅遍大街小巷,引起民眾模仿唱跳熱潮,進而獲得商業上極大的成功。從此之後,謝金燕在公眾場合便常以「姐姐」的身分亮相。從</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2000</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年初開始以台客電音(或說台語電音)復出歌壇的謝金燕,歷經十幾年的耕耘,已在台灣的流行音樂界中佔有一席之地,並且被視為具台客精神的代表藝人,甚至被封為「台客精神教主」。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 謝金燕以「姐姐」之姿成為台客文化的領航人物以及該首歌曲所引起的流行文化現象(尤其在以男同志為主要消費客群的夜店中)提供了機會讓我們得以重思台客文化。台客文化自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2000</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年初逐漸成形並引起許多文化研究者關注,至今也有十來年,但相關討論隨著台客文化已不像從前那樣蓬勃而降溫不少。過去有關於台客的討論,在性別政治範疇之下獲得關注的身分主體是台妹。謝金燕當然可以是台妹,但若根據陳建志所界定的台妹,即:</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">「台妹只能是青春貌美的女性。不貌美,也勉強可以是台妹,但一定要年輕。超齡女性好像就不能列在『台客精神』的範疇內了。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」(陳建志</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> 2006</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)那麼已屆不惑之年的謝金燕似乎就顯得有些格格不入。然而,或許今年貴庚並無所謂,畢竟謝金燕看起來依舊青春貌美,只是謝金燕的文化展演也已經與社會對於台妹的認知不甚相襯。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">作為台客的精神指標</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 要說台妹,或許閃亮三姐妹台得「最純正」。閃亮三姐妹由小云、小珍和小瑩組成。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2003</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年推出同名專輯《閃亮三姐妹》之前,她們都是自家電子花車事業的花車女郎。雖然電子花車在過去曾被視為低俗的大眾文化,但卻也是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1950</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">60</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代以降普羅大眾共同記憶的文化景觀。閃亮三姐妹將其出身背景挪用至音樂作品的呈現上(例如觀看〈給我幾秒鐘〉這首歌的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的過程中不時令人想起過去曾看過的電子花車表演),藉此創造出台味十足的台客電音。台客電音本身乃是一全球化時代下在地與全球混雜的流行文化商品</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> (Lin 2007) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,但其之所以能稱為台客,乃是因為「台味」。這裡說的台味,或許可以低俗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> (vulgar) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">替換,也就是一種對草根階級的文化想像的擬仿物。我認為,這種擬仿物基本上是一種省籍(本省閩南人)-階級(藍領階級)-地域(中南部-鄉村)的文化連續體。也因此,當這樣的擬仿物</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">──</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">例如嚼檳榔、穿藍白拖、戴金項鍊、有台灣國語口音等形象</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">──</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">被用以宣稱某種全球化時代下的在地精神時,有些具本土認同的人便跳出來指控這是一種對台灣人的污名化,澄清台灣人不是這個樣子。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1041208%20%E5%8F%96%E5%BE%91%E8%AC%9D%E9%87%91%E7%87%95%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%8F%B0%E5%AE%A2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%8B%E9%87%8D.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">對此,我認為張小虹(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2007</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)說得很好。她以「似不像」和「四不像」兩個諧音的概念語彙辯證性地指出台客文化在全球化文化流動與多方連結的動態過程中拼貼成「似不像」,一方面挑戰了本質化的國族主義論述,但另一方面卻也同時突顯出其意象如何無可避免地基植於社會對既存的省籍、階級與地域的權力位階的想像之上,而被指控為「四不像」。閃亮三姐妹作為台客文化中台妹的代表,其「俗擱有力」即來自草根階級節慶文化中電子花車的生猛,但如此文化美學也常被視為不入流,進而無法在象徵層次上代表主流。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 與閃亮三姐妹一樣的是,謝金燕的台客電音也是混雜全球與在地特性的文化商品,但不同的是,相較於閃亮三姐妹的鄉野花車女郎形象,謝金燕比較像是都會區時尚夜店裡勁歌熱舞的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">show girl</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。即使意象上有差異,但她們無疑地都是台客,因為就像伍佰(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2005</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)說的,「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">台客不台客不是音樂形式的對立,而是自我認同的對立</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」。按上述說法,台客文化的表現形式本來就是多元且紛雜的,但我想要特別指出的是謝金燕所定義的台客的特殊傾向。謝金燕曾在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2014</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年的跨年活動上闡述何為台客,她說:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我們沒有少女時代,我們沒有女神卡卡;老外吃漢堡,我們有割包;老外喝冰沙,我們吃銼冰。我們是這片土地的主人,所以我們要說,生活在台灣是幸福的,生活在台灣是驕傲的。生活在台灣,你就叫台客。誰說台客不入流?我說台客是主流!誰說台客沒水準?我說台客超水準!今天晚上,我們要告訴你,台客是時髦的,是性感的,是與世界接軌的。今天晚上,我們要證明,台客是屌的,台客是跩的。我台嗎?我很台!為我們的台客精神,掌聲鼓勵鼓勵!台客,跳起來!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」(球德洛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> 2014</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">謝金燕所認為的台客,乃是奠基於「我們」共同賴以維生的土地之上,正由於我們都生活在名為台灣的這塊土地上,因此我們都是台客。也因此,如此界定並不明確指涉某種階級文化範式。而其精神內容,則指涉一種對自我文化的正面肯認態度,不需要羨慕別人有什麼,也不需要貶低自己,因為台客並不故步自封,而是與全球連結的世界主義者</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> <span lang="EN-US">(cosmopolitan) </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,而且是令人可欲求的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> (desirable) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">身分。如此向世界開放的特性,同時也一掃對具有強烈在地</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> (local) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">傾向的台客想像給人的封閉感,進而有能投射某種求新求變的流行個性的空間。台客,在謝金燕版本的開放性與正向性下,成為彈性的文化認同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 謝金燕版的台客定義並不讓人陌生,因為這個字基本上也可用「台灣人」替換之。當每個人都算是台客的時候,正是代表該定義所能容受的範圍相當廣泛,而這樣的邏輯也正與本土主義式的國族身分的打造不謀而合。雖然台客文化自漸成形以來便與台灣人一詞形影不離,但到了謝金燕的版本,似乎已能幾乎等同於台灣人。如此定義的時態不僅指涉過去與當下,更是指向未來的,因為它在現場試圖召喚的觀眾,他們所參加的正是一場望向未來的慶典。當謝金燕的台客展演是極盡敢曝</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> (camp) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">諧擬能事</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">──</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">頭戴巨型安全帽,改編台灣不陌生的韓流舞曲</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Crayon Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的〈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">BAR BAR BAR</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〉,創造出比韓流更韓流的〈阿公甲無飽〉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">──</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">那麼,如此</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">campy</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的台客文化所指向的台灣性又意味著什麼?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">作為男同志的舞曲文化</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 謝金燕作為台客文化,最有趣的地方莫過於與男同志文化的交會。我這邊說的交會,指的是文化象徵與實踐層次上的偶然匯流,畢竟謝金燕不像張惠妹或蔡依林那樣主動在公眾場合公開支持同志,或推出以同志為題的音樂作品,但她的音樂風格卻恰巧呼應文化調性上偏好電音舞曲的男同志口味,且其表演的敢曝風格也符合男同志文化的基調,因此她的舞曲向來是某些同志夜店(例如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Funky</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)的音樂場景的一部分,顯示男同志對她有愛。就這些面向來看,或許稱謝金燕為台語歌壇的蔡依林應該不為過。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 謝金燕的歌曲,如〈練舞功〉(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2005</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)、〈一級棒〉(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2010</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)以及〈嗶嗶嗶〉(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2010</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)等,早已在其推出〈姐姐〉之前流行於同志夜店中,但引起男同志們廣大迴響的是〈姐姐〉這首歌。這樣的現象與它在台灣社會中造成廣泛流行有關,也就是說當我們在分析謝金燕如何作為男同志文化時,不能只從男同志的性別</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> (gender) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">與性/別</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> (sexuality) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的角度切入,還必須要將觀察到的現象同時放置於「夜店外」的整體世界中探查彼此的關係性,以避免陷入一種本質化(男同志文化)的思考框架。雖說如此,但同樣都是謝金燕的作品,〈姐姐〉和其他首歌引起的反應大不同,例如有時一夜會聽到兩次甚至三次,且播放當下每每能帶動現場氣氛高潮,夜店客們常伴隨著樂聲大唱「叫我姐姐」。之所以如此,乃是因為該首歌的歌詞與男同志的姐妹文化相呼應。所謂的姐妹文化是圈內展演「</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">/娘」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1041208%20%E5%8F%96%E5%BE%91%E8%AC%9D%E9%87%91%E7%87%95%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%8F%B0%E5%AE%A2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%8B%E9%87%8D.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的具體形式之一,它內化了社會以性倒錯</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1041208%20%E5%8F%96%E5%BE%91%E8%AC%9D%E9%87%91%E7%87%95%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%8F%B0%E5%AE%A2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%8B%E9%87%8D.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">來理解男同志的觀點,但透過刻意對號入座的方式重新賦予該稱謂意義,而不必然具貶義。當夜店客齊聲附和現場音樂大唱「叫我姐姐」的時候,或許懷著戲謔的心態,又或許真的寓托某種女性認同,可以確知的是,在那個男同志扮裝「穿音樂」齊唱「叫我姐姐」的當下,有不同意義的「</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">/娘」展演混雜其中,體現了敢曝樂趣。謝金燕的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">campy</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">台客風在此具體成為男同志的敢曝文化。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 謝金燕的「姐姐」形象,無論是作為台客精神教主又或者是台語歌壇的蔡依林也好,基本上都是具有霸氣的女性身分,展現的是一種陽剛的陰柔氣質。就圈內而言,男同志其實比較容易接受這樣的女性形象的展演,因為與姐姐相對應的妹妹,給人一種弱勢感。我認為這或許是受制於社會中的異性戀常規,使得男同志對自身的男性身分有種堅持,進而比較不能接受自己以柔弱的女性形象現身。雖然男同志如何透過舞曲展演女性形象以及展演什麼樣的女性形象是值得多做討論的研究問題,但若單從圈內文化的角度來看,男同志喜歡〈姐姐〉除了是該首歌與姐妹文化有所呼應之外,也是該首歌所表現的女性是相對較為陽剛的感覺,例如謝金燕在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">中勇敢秀自己並表現出睥睨一切的女王姿態。如此文化展演正提醒了我們,當我們看到男同志在夜店裡展演不同女性形象而可能具有激進性地挑戰了本質化的性/別想像,像是生為男性就必然要做個表現陽剛的男性,同時也不能忽略男同志在既有的文化中對陰柔氣質展演有不同的接受範圍。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">小結</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 謝金燕在創作音樂與登台表演時均力求做自己。做自己並且肯定自己,是她透過台客電音正在做的事情,同時也是她對台灣人這個身分認同的期許。當男同志們在夜店中展演謝金燕的歌曲時,無論是〈一級棒〉或者〈姐姐〉,雖然意義上會因展演當下情境有所流變而不必然與歌詞文本完全相符,但她所要試圖傳達的態度,也總是與夜店客們的生活經驗相呼應,尤其當這個社會仍對同志族群有許多壓迫的時候,展演過程中偶發產生的共鳴所帶來的正向給力則更顯得重要。如何定義台客以及能身為什麼樣的台客是長期處於爭辯的問題,但當前謝金燕的流行文化現象最難能可貴的並不在於對上述問題給出了什麼答案,而是在於讓我們看到台客文化在不同的空間尺度及文化概念(鄉村</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> vs. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">都市;跨年晚會</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> vs. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">同志夜店;異性戀</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> vs. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">同性戀)的展演過程中如何彼此穿透、連結與交融,進而有對台客文化展開新的研究方向的可能性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">參考文獻</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">伍佰。毛雅芬採訪。〈伍佰:我是台客盟主,不要把招牌搞砸!〉。《流行力:台灣時尚文選》。編:陳建志。台北:聯合文學。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2005</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">45-51</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">林純德。〈「C/娘」的爭戰指涉、怪胎展演與反抗能動性:檢視「蔡康永C/娘事件」中的「性別平等教育女性主義」論述〉。《台灣社會研究季刊》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">90 (2013): 163-214</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">陳建志。〈新族類演進中!〉。《中國時報</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">‧</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">人間副刊》,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2006</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">3</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">31</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">日。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">球德洛。〈謝金燕姐姐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">~</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">不是每個人都和你一樣崇拜台客文化滴?〉。</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">MOBILE</span></i><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2014</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">日。網路。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2015</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">12</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">8</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">日。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">張小虹。《假全球化》。台北:聯合文學,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2007</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">彭顯鈞。〈學術團體痛批</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">台客遭污名化〉。《自由時報》,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">2005</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">8</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">19</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">日。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Lin,
Chien-ting A. “The Cultural Politics of Techno in Taiwan: The Case of Shining 3
Girls.” <i>Situations</i> 1 (2007): 60-81.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1041208%20%E5%8F%96%E5%BE%91%E8%AC%9D%E9%87%91%E7%87%95%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%A2%E5%8F%B0%E5%AE%A2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%8B%E9%87%8D.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">即認為男同志之所以對同性有欲望,乃是因為懷有女人心。這種概念無疑是一種強制異性戀的思維。</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-44342284108872907102015-09-20T22:54:00.001-07:002015-09-20T22:54:57.760-07:00從選手到教練<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">從高二參加地理奧林匹亞到現在已經過了十年,期間念了地理系、地理所,如今還從事地理奧林匹亞選手的培訓工作。可以說,這些年在地理學界打滾的日子,一直都和地理奧林匹亞有密切關係,只是之於我的意義在每個階段都不太一樣。(本文刊載於2015年9月20日<a href="https://www.facebook.com/geolympiad?fref=nf">高中地理奧林匹亞臉書專頁</a>)</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 自從高一升高二暑假參加過台大地理營後,我一心只想念地理系。也因為志向確立得很早,便很積極地蒐集相關升學資料,並想打場比賽。高二那年,地理奧林匹亞辦到第四屆。由於想試一下自己的能耐,便找了班上兩個同學陪我參賽。那時候比賽規則和現在很不一樣。每個選手必須先組隊打團體賽,進複試後到現場還打個人賽。當時沒有現在的野外考察也沒有<span lang="EN-US">multimedia test</span>,更不像現在一樣全英文考試。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 在參加地理營後,我便覺得高中地理課本上的內容已經沒辦法滿足我,但真要我說出心目中的地理學的樣貌卻又很模糊。第四屆地理奧林匹亞給了我一個機會認識地理學。我說的認識,不是在於它提供了一個說法,而是在整個實踐的過程中誘發我去感受去思考地理學究竟是什麼。我們當時針對八卦台地的陸砂開採活動做區域分析。雖然我們找了資料、做了現地調查,但這些資訊對我來說像拼不起來的拼圖,一塊一塊的,不知道要怎麼把它們放在一起說個有條理的故事。我的地理老師阿嬌老師很有耐心,把手把地教我們怎麼寫報告,把蒐集來的資訊放到合適的位置。然而,我們不能只是陳述現象,還必須解釋並提出論點。我們用了一些概念,幾乎都來自課堂所學,例如物理風化中的減壓膨脹等。在她的引導下,我突然覺得地理課本的內容活了起來。地理學之於我,因為地理奧林匹亞的實踐,讓我深刻體會到它不只是名詞,而更具有動詞的意涵,指涉分析的過程。也因為我們後來在當年的比賽中獲得佳作,我個人受到很大的鼓舞,所以便毅然決然以地理系為目標邁進。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 後來如願上了台大地理系。大四的時候,有天有個朋友來找我,要我幫忙代課,說是地理奧林匹亞競賽的培訓課程。經說明後,覺得自己有些想法且那時算是入伍前夕,閒得很,也就幫忙代了幾堂課。退伍後順利成為這個團隊的正式老師一員,負責幫忙學校培訓地理奧林匹亞的代表選手。直到現在,也做了四年有了。我很喜歡這份工作,比起大多數體制內的地理老師,我覺得自己很幸福,因為我可以不受課本限制,教任何我覺得學生應該要學會的東西。我之所以用「東西」這麼模糊的字眼,是因為我教的東西常常超出地理的範疇,但就參賽本身來說,學生需具備的能力也的確不只是要對高中地理課本滾瓜爛熟,至少還要有初階的地理思想、嚴謹的獨立思辨能力以及英文寫作技巧。由於我在大學時期對文化地理學相當有興趣,且同時對台灣某些地理學傳統感到敵意,因此有些不顧地理奧林匹亞本身的高中地理教育典範來培訓學生。我想和學生們說地理學有多麼多采多姿,連性都有地理,同時也希望他們能夠以這樣對地理學的認識來思考這個世界。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 我退伍後接的第一個班有兩個學生,她們都是會自動自發念書的好學生,但我總覺得她們在思辨這部分有些扁平,於是我便把課程設計成「看電影學地理」的樣子,一起從《盧安達飯店》<span lang="EN-US"> (<i>Hotel Rwanda</i>) </span>看到希區考克的《驚魂記》<span lang="EN-US"> (<i>Psycho</i>) </span>,針對影像內容做討論,談非洲的種族衝突如何作為歐洲殖民的遺緒,也談電影中的地下室如何映照人們的恐懼潛意識。不過談電影不是只談內容,重點在於培養學生的思辨技能。在分析前,我先要求她們把故事情節與影像描述清楚,然後再針對運鏡和再現進行解釋。幾次進行下來,我覺得自己收到還不錯的成效。我記得在某次討論《盧安達飯店》的課堂上,有某個鏡頭隔著車窗帶到聯合國軍隊載走歐洲(白)人的車上的狗,有同學便立即指出那個描寫車窗的鏡頭不僅劃分出歐洲(白)人和非洲(黑)人的種族身分的位階意涵,同時還以車上的狗來突顯種族的階級意涵的殘酷。當時的學生不像我所描述這般文藝腔,但她的論點正是我所轉述的這樣。以國二生來說,能有這樣的表現令人驚艷,而我也從中獲得很大的成就感。這些討論內容看似與地理無關(其實還是要看怎麼定義地理),但我相信這個過程中學生有的「精準的描述」以及「切中要害的分析」是地理奧林匹亞選手必須具備的能力。在這個意義上,可以說,我是藉由這個培訓課程來實踐一套自認為理想的地理教育。因為我個人的學習興趣,這個版本中參雜了很多文化研究的成分,少了很多地球科學的元素,但捫心自問,就地理奧林匹亞來說,我自認這課程內容有些失衡。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 我的第一個班的學生後來表現很出色,雖然這主要是得自她個人努力的結果,但我的培訓事業也因而有了全新發展,版圖從<span lang="EN-US">A</span>學校擴張到<span lang="EN-US">B</span>甚至<span lang="EN-US">C</span>學校。接了新班級便必須重頭教起,而前面成功的經驗未必適用於每個新學生身上。而且我之前接的那個班算是從中間教起,其他老師早就把我原本不喜歡的自然地理課程給教完了,但現在新班級學生的自然地理可不能因為我而沒學好。經過和新班級的學生和家長討論後,我決定拿幾篇國家地理雜誌的文章和同學們做討論,從阿富汗的罌粟花田談到格陵蘭的氣候變遷,也順應同學們的興趣拿了些大學用書,搭配電影《<span lang="EN-US">KANO</span>》來討論運動的地理學<span lang="EN-US"> (sports geography) </span>,從這些教材來和同學們討論地理學的幾個傳統。我因此有了機會接觸自己過去鮮少主動瞭解的議題,也因為講課而重讀大學的自然地理,進而能夠真正肯認自然地理作為地理學史的一部分來認識它,並且藉此重新調整對地理學的看法。對我來說,地理奧林匹亞不只是讓我實現一套理想的地理教育及教法,更讓自己在教學過程中有機會反省過去所學所想,哪怕是越弄越複雜,但至少慶幸自己能保有得以改變的彈性空間。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 以地理奧林匹亞培訓為職是我從沒想過的生活,但現在回想起來,即便自己後來做的是地理奧林匹亞不會考的音樂和性/別的地理研究,但地理奧林匹亞卻和我很有緣份,不僅啟發我對地理學的興趣,後來竟然還成為我能養活自己的專業技能。更重要的是,地理奧林匹亞還將我與某些人的生命連在一起,包括啟蒙我的阿嬌老師以及我的學生們。「老師與我」之於「我與學生們」之間的對應關係也因為地理奧林匹亞而跨時空疊影,令我常常在教學現場想起那個走路有些一拐一拐、陪我在彰化芬園挑水古道做田野且總是耐心教我寫報告的阿嬌老師的身影(雖然這時回憶若同時搭配那個荒煙蔓草杳無人跡的田野場景是有些怪可怕的)。這些經由地理奧林匹亞而有緣相識的人們也促成了現在的我。除了老師之外,學生們也給了我很多機會練習如何把大學用的原文教材簡化為國中生可用的版本,讓我知道要如何把不太好消化的學院知識轉化為他們有興趣的教材。這幾年我教學能力的養成很大程度上得力自這些人們。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 我在地理學界打滾的日子,當然不是只有地理奧林匹亞而已,但回顧這段歷程仔細想想,即便我後來的研究和地理奧林匹亞一點關係也沒有,但地理奧林匹亞總是以不同的方式進到我的生命裡,至今仍深深影響著我。</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-81162026098736031012015-07-06T22:10:00.001-07:002015-09-29T21:50:11.890-07:00地理學視角下的身體與體現<a href="http://www.geog-daily.org/223202970225918228233785765372know">本文刊載於2015年6月22日《地理眼》 (<i>Geog Daily</i>) ,並同時轉載於6月26日自由評論網。</a><br />
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 地理學為什麼要談身體?這個問題一開始就令人感到困惑,因為身體和地理看起來是兩個八竿子打不著的東西。受到身心二元論如抽象的理性的心支配著實體的非理性的身體這樣觀點的影響,身體向來不被地理學重視。這種認為人由理性的心所支配的看法,其實早在人本主義地理學的脈絡中即備受挑戰,例如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">David Seamon</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">認為應將人的主體視為有身體的主體</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (body-subject) (Hubbard, Fuller
& Bartley, 2002: 102) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;而到了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">80</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">90</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年代女性主義地理學的脈絡中,則更被揭露出其內涵的男性中心主義而遭受批評</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (Longhurst, 1995:
99-100) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。身體或者說體現</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">
(embodiment)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,便在這樣的狀況中獲得關注、討論與理論化,尤其是在近幾年強調實踐的分析觀點如非再現理論</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (Non-representational theory) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的發展下,體現甚至成為重要的分析視角。要說明體現的內涵及其和地理的關係,理應當要先梳理身體在地理學中的概念流變,但因為篇幅有限以及像這樣特定學科歷史的內容比較不好消化,所以我在這裡僅提供一篇文章供有興趣的讀者們參考,是由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Hubbard, Fuller & Bartley (2002) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">合寫的〈身體的地理〉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="EN-US">‘</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Geographies of
the Body</span></i><span lang="EN-US">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 體現這個概念在地理學中的發展是分歧的,即便在字面上都是寫體現,也都在呼籲人們關注身體經驗,但其實它們的意義相差甚遠。我以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">90</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年代女性主義地理學和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">90</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年代中期的非再現理論各自談的體現作為具體的例子。女性主義地理學在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">90</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年代初期的時候批判了地理學知識的男性中心主義。由於地理學在知識生產的面向上忽略了女性的經驗,因此像</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Rose (1993) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">便指出身體是鬥爭的位址,認為透過對有差異的身體經驗(例如懷孕的身體)的討論能用來理解女人如何受男人支配與壓迫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (p. 29) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。在此,空間中的性別經驗乃是奠基於身體生理差異的基礎上,所以這邊談的體現,指的是有生理差異的身體令個人在日常生活中所產生的不同的社會-地理經驗。不過,在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">90</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年代中期由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Nigel Thrift</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">提出的非再現理論中,體現的意義就不是這樣了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Thrift</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(部分)援引了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Latour</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的行動者網絡理論、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Deleuze</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">談的情感、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Merleau-Ponty</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">談的身體等概念,提出一支強調關係性思考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (relational thinking) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的地理學。情感作為非再現理論的重要概念,基本上說的是存在於身體、物與環境之間移動的一種模糊卻可強烈感受到的氛圍。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Thrift (2008) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">指出情感是生產出可見的引導力量的一系列體現實踐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (a set of embodied practice) (p. 175) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。這裡所說的體現,和女性主義地理學一樣強調身體的生理特性,但不同的是它著重的不是把身體當作是差異的證據,而是肯認身體作為肉身的感知能力,以及它得以據此作出回應的能力。從上述說明中可以得知,體現在地理學裡是歧異的,也因為地理學對身體有不同的理解和界定方式,所以切入分析的角度也相當不同。以下,我將從非再現理論的角度,透過音樂展演</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span lang="EN-US">(performances of music) </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">來說明體現的概念意涵。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 所謂的體現,可以將其理解為<b>實踐的經驗對主體性構成產生影響的方式</b>,例如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Wood (2002) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">從音樂展演的角度所提出來的體現概念即按此道</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (p. 60) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。非再現理論所談的身體指的是情感的身體</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (affective body) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,且認為身體是無法與地方相分離的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Duffy (2013) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">即從聽音樂的經驗出發,指出聲音不單只是日常生活的背景,而是透過身體來經驗聲音進而提醒我們地方和人們是如何像聲音與身體之間那樣交織在一起</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (p. 132) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。由於體現總發生於特定的時空脈絡之中,因此從體現的觀點所發展出來的地理學,有助於我們去捕捉人們的主體在特定時空脈絡下的生活經驗中如何產生流變的動態性。舞蹈是個用來說明上述體現概念的好例子。在夜店裡,夜店客們受到氛圍的驅使,例如酒精飲料或是絢麗燈光的催發,又或是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">DJ</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">播放的音樂很正點,令經驗音樂的身體不自覺地跟著舞動,甚至促使那些原本待在場邊不願意涉入的身體(是或有意或無意)移動至舞池中加入眾人的行列,一同狂歡。在台北同志夜店</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">裡,由於它主打的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">乃是以女歌手作品為主的中、韓文流行舞曲,因此該音樂節目在同志圈中被認為是個很「騷」的流行文化。而現場有些夜店客即便不喜歡這樣感覺很娘的音樂節目,卻還是會受到氣氛的感染而進到舞池中跳舞。其中,有些人在其日常生活中並不會意識到自己的同志身分,但當他進入舞池與他人共舞甚至站上舞台模仿女星跳舞的時候,會因為意識到自己行為很騷而進一步在感覺上與同志社群產生連結。夜店客的同志主體因而在展演音樂的當下產生位移,原本不自覺的變得自覺並與現場的男同志們呼應共鳴。在這個案例中,我們可以看到,夜店客們展演音樂、經驗音樂的身體受到現場氣氛的驅使,在空間中由人與非人等組成元素加以湊組,形成一種能夠揭露主體乃是處於流變狀態的分析觀點,且注意到該主體的位移乃是在特定時空情境和組構條件中可能發生的情感效應。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 無論是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">90</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年代初期女性主義地理學又或是後來的非再現理論,它們的發展讓地理學注意到身體作為思考觸角的重要性。這樣的發展對地理學的次學科如音樂地理學造成相當重要的影響,比如說從文本轉向對體現的關注</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (Revill, 2004) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。正如前所述,體現這個概念在學科中的發展是異質的,所以它們對地理學的重要性也就必須從不同層面來界定。暫且先不論箇中差異,也不論其中存在的歷時變化,對從身體出發的地理學進行討論,有助於我們重新思考地理學如何界定人和地方之間的關係。在此,與其他談論體現的學科不同的是,地理學認為身體及其感受是無法與其所身處的環境相分離的,也因此,地理學便強調將地方納入情感分析之中。而這樣的想法正是建立在體現這個概念的基礎上。從這個層面來說,也難怪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Duffy</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在探討音樂經驗、情感驅力與地方創造彼此之間的關聯性所採取的方法論時,會說:「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">擁有一具身體之必要。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">參考文獻</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Duffy,
M. (2013). The requirement of having a body. <i>Geographical Research</i>, 51(2): 130-136.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hubbard,
P., Fuller, D. and Bartley, B. (2002). <i>Thinking
geographically: space, theory and contemporary human geography</i>. London; New
York: Continuum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Longhurst,
R. (1995). VIEWPOINT The body and geography. <i>Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography</i>, 2(1),
97-106.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Revill,
G. (2004). Cultural geographies in practice: Performing French folk music:
dance, authenticity and nonrepresentational theory. <i>Cultural Geographies</i>, 11, 199-209.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.77; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rose,
G. (1993). <i>Feminism and geography: the
limits of geographical knowledge</i>. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Thrift,
N. (2008). Non-representational theory: space, politics, affect. London; New
York: Routledge.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Wood,
N. (2002). “Once more with feeling”: putting emotion into geographies of music.
In L. Bondi, (et al.) (Eds.), <i>Subjectivities,
knowledges, and feminist geographies : the subjects and ethics of social
research</i> (pp. 57-71).</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Lanham, Md.: Rowman &
Littlefield.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-79561153694432115722015-05-31T23:35:00.000-07:002015-05-31T23:36:21.556-07:00兩岸政治的浮空投影:解讀台灣陸客經濟下的小鄧熱與再現政治<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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本文刊載於<a href="https://popcultureacademytw.wordpress.com/2015/05/16/teresatengandthechinesepolitics/">《流行文化學院》第二期專題「想像華人性:幻想、混種與身份建構」(2015年5月出刊)</a>。<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">前言</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 鄧麗君堪稱當代華人世界巨星,可以說只要有華人的地方就有鄧麗君的歌聲。生於台灣的她可以說是四、五、六、七年級生的共同回憶。她不僅是一位有多首暢銷金曲的流行天后,更是中華民國在台灣時期紅遍海內外的演藝傳說。從東北亞的日本、東亞的中國、香港,乃至東南亞的印尼、泰國、新加坡、馬來西亞,遠至美國等地,都可以見到她對這些地方的流行音樂史所留下來的深深烙印。即便直到今天,若有機會到日本、中國,或東南亞地區的中國城裡,都不難在街頭巷弄間聽見鄧麗君的悠悠歌聲,足見在空間與時間兩個面向上這些有不同歷史與文化背景之社會對她的記憶與懷舊情感的綿延紮根。如果我們把鄧麗君放在華人社會的脈絡中來看,那麼我們現在所聽到的鄧麗君,或者所看到的鄧麗君,包括那些代表她的各種展示品,或是透過高科技視覺技術所創造出來的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">3D</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">鄧麗君,總是涉及了某種華人認同的(再)建構。然而,由於鄧麗君在過去獨特的時代脈絡下對中華民國所表達的認同立場,再加上華人社會有其內在衝突的離散政治,因而要在<b>某種</b>華人認同的基礎上來再現鄧麗君,便必須要透過歷史的(再)書寫來達到能夠消弭上述衝突的地緣政治效果。我之所以特別強調「某種」,是因為我接下來所要探討的鄧麗君的再現問題,其脈絡主要侷限於兩岸關係的情境中。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">兩岸情境中的鄧麗君</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 鄧麗君於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1953</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年出生於台灣雲林,自從</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1967</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年發表第一張唱片《鄧麗君之歌-鳳陽花鼓》之後,便開始了她近三十年的演唱生涯。鄧麗君的事業發展足跡遍及東亞、東南亞乃至美國等地,且屢屢打破華語唱片銷售紀錄。鄧麗君曾於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1973</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年赴日受訓、發展,並獲得相當亮眼的演藝成績。她三度受邀參加日本年度演藝盛事紅白歌唱大賽,且其作品歷久不衰,久佔流行音樂排行榜不退,被日人稱作亞洲歌姬(師永剛等,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2006</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1986</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年,她還被美國《時代》雜誌評為世界七大女歌星和世界十大最受歡迎女歌星。後來,她在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1995</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">5</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">8</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">日病逝於泰國清邁。即便鄧麗君已逝世</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">20</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年之久,但她的音樂作品仍傳唱至今,深受台灣民眾喜愛,例如她的代表作〈月亮代表我的心〉在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2010</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">142</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">萬票獲網路票選「建國百年經典歌曲」第一名,即可見一斑</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。鄧麗君一生演藝成就堪稱輝煌,在華人世界中可說是無人能及</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; 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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 要理解當前台灣的鄧麗君的流行文化現象,我認為要透過一種跨國的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (transnational) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">視野,方能看見該文化現象乃是牽涉兩岸在政治、經濟與社會等層面互動過程中所形成的景觀。約莫從</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">70</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代末、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">80</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代初開始,鄧麗君及其音樂成為兩岸之間別具政治意義的文化景觀。對當時正值改革開放時期的中國民眾來說,鄧麗君溫柔婉約的唱腔與揉雜日本現代性、台灣文化與中國傳統的音樂風格,可以說是一種全新的藝術與聽覺感受</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (Fung, 2007) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。之所以如此,有兩個很重要的歷史條件。第一,在鄧麗君的歌曲傳入前的中國社會,流行的是缺乏自我意識、強調集體價值的革命歌曲。從</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1960</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代中期以降的文化大革命時期,流行音樂便被用作宣揚無產階級革命的政治教化工具,例如當時的〈紅衛兵戰歌〉、〈牛鬼蛇神嚎歌〉以及由毛語錄改編的歌曲。這些革命歌曲被稱作樣板歌,強調「高、快、硬、響」的音樂特色,帶有濃厚的政治意識,並呈現出一種集體的群眾意識。這樣的特色,其實是毛澤東在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1949</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年率領中共創立新中國之初,便確立的以音樂作為建立新中國社會價值的重要手段的傳統延續</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (Ho, 2000) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。第二,文革時期的中國社會是去性別化的。當時中國社會強調「男女平等」的價值,認為女人能頂半邊天,便將女性從家戶中解放出來,投入公共領域,參與勞動與階級鬥爭。雖然政府強調「男女平等」,但事實上也只是將所有的女人視作男人,不重視女人與男人在生理意義上的差異,一律同男人那樣被視作有如男性一般的勞動力,即便月經來了仍要下水田工作,和男人一起挖鐵採煤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (Yang, 1999) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。陰柔氣質在這一時期可以說是被壓抑、抹除的,這種去性化亦具體地呈現在當時的音樂作品中。對此,中國知名樂評人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jin Zhao-Jun</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">即指出,文革時期的中國社會呈現出陽盛陰衰的狀態。由於鄧麗君的音樂訴諸個人情感,再加上其風格溫柔婉約,因此便呼應了文革結束後的中國社會普遍對溫柔且緩慢的音樂的強烈渴望</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (Baranovitch, 2003) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。鄧麗君便在上述兩個條件下,在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">70</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代末的中國造成轟動。後來,到了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">80</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代,中國甚至流傳著「白天聽老鄧(鄧小平),晚上聽小鄧(鄧麗君)」的說法,至今仍為人津津樂道。而後來她還在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2009</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年獲中國民眾票選為中國建國</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">60</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">週年最有影響力的文化人物。可見近三十多年來鄧麗君在中國社會受到歡迎的程度。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 由於鄧麗君在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">70</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代末風靡中國,再加上軍眷出身的她長期投入勞軍行動,便被當時的台灣政府視為一位對中國具影響力且一心為國、對國家有所貢獻的藝人。從鄧麗君當時在金門馬山播音站做的心戰喊話內容來看,她個人相當推崇自由與民主的精神,符合彼時政府宣揚的政治意識形態:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">親愛的大陸同胞們,你們好,我是鄧麗君。我現在來到金門的廣播站向大陸沿海的同胞們廣播。我今天要跟大家說的是,我很高興地能夠站在自由祖國的第一前線金門,我感覺到非常快樂、非常幸福。我期望在大陸的同胞也可以跟我們享受到一樣的民主跟自由。唯有在自由、民主、富庶的生活環境下,才能擁有實現個人理想的機會,也唯有全體青年都能自由發揮聰明才智,國家的未來才會充滿光明和希望。我希望很快地能夠再回到金門,跟金門的弟兄們見面。當然,還有跟大陸沿海的同胞們通話。在這裡呢,祝大家身體健康,民主萬歲!謝謝!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">值得注意的是,這段論述同時也鑲嵌在過去台灣社會於全球冷戰框架中以自由民主修辭來貶抑共產世界的文化脈絡中,也正因為如此,鄧麗君的這番話也才具有對敵國陣營心戰喊話的功能性。而她這段宣揚自由與民主精神的廣播內容,至今仍對著古寧灘頭與廈門島播送著,只是時代已經不同,沒了政治宣傳的意圖,有的比較是在兩岸社會成形的過程中打造一個中國與台灣民眾共同有感之歷史記憶。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 在兩岸互動日趨頻繁的當下,無論是在大尺度上的區域經濟結盟,或是小尺度上的常民生活交流,可以看到現在台灣有越來越多的年輕人到中國發展事業,同時也有越來越多的陸客陸生來台等等。在這過程中,陸客經濟的興起使得某些文化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">icon</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在台灣成為備受注目值得投資的文化商品,鄧麗君即是一例。例如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2010</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年台灣花卉博覽會設置的鄧麗君主題館</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,或是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2013</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年中正紀念堂辦的</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">「追夢-永遠的鄧麗君特展」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">等,都吸引許多陸客參觀,並創造相當的經濟產值。鄧麗君因而成為近年地方政府發展陸客經濟的理想藍圖中不可或缺的重要元素,包括她的出生地雲林縣褒忠鄉、她幼年待過的新北市蘆洲區,以及她長眠所在的新北市金山區等,都在這波迎陸客的風潮下,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">有計畫地設立紀念館</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。也就是說,最近幾年在台灣浮現的</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">「小鄧熱」,背後有兩岸社會脈絡中政治經濟條件的支持。</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 對台灣民眾來說,鄧麗君不僅是四、五、六年級生的青春回憶,也是當前陸客經濟熱門的文化商品。雖然鄧麗君是個相當長青的流行文化現象,但由於時代背景與政治氛圍的差異,如何在兩岸社會來臨、陸客經濟當道的情境下再現有明確政治立場的「愛國藝人」鄧麗君,便成為一個相當有趣的問題。現在各地林立的鄧麗君紀念館、紀念展與紀念園區,會如何因應陸客的凝視來再現鄧麗君?其再現機制為何?又涉及了什麼樣的政治?我們要如何理解該流行文化現象所形塑的兩岸或華人社會?在接下來的討論中,我將聚焦</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2013</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年由鄧麗君文教基金會與聯合報系於中正紀念堂主辦之「追夢──永遠的鄧麗君特展」,奠基於我參與觀察所獲得的資訊,分析該展透過浮空立體投影技術所再現的鄧麗君,探討在陸客經濟當道的兩岸情境下鄧麗君像所呈顯的華人性及其歷史內涵的弔詭,來回應上述問題。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2013</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年春天,鄧麗君文教基金會與聯合報系在中正紀念堂主辦「追夢──永遠的鄧麗君特展」;台灣展期結束後便移往中國開展並以浮空投影技術來重現鄧麗君的風采開演唱會。該展共設計有六個展區,分別以鄧麗君膾炙人口的名曲起名,包括「原鄉人」、「彩雲飛」、「漫步人生路」、「我只在乎你」、「但願人長久」以及「何日君再來」等六個展區</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。該展不僅透過文物來呈現鄧麗君的生平事蹟,特別的是,還藉由立體浮空投影技術,再搭配鄧麗君過去談話內容的剪接重置,在「何日君再來」這個展區中重現鄧麗君,讓她穿上名設計師方國強根據她的喜好所設計的旗袍,然後唱一段〈何日君再來〉。當觀光客一進到這個展區時,本來昏暗一片的房間裡突然繁星匯聚,鄧麗君緩緩現身眼前。她開口說話、唱歌,然後又化作星塵飄散。由於浮空投影像配的是鄧麗君生前一些錄影中實際說過的話,再加上該技術所打造的鄧麗君像微妙微俏,因此在看這個投影像的時候,就好像真的看到鄧麗君一樣。這個展區是整個展覽最大的賣點,一方面是因為浮空投影技術的時髦感,另一方面是該技術所再現的鄧麗君給人的真實感。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 雖然浮空投影出來的鄧麗君與真人神似,甚至說的就是鄧麗君曾經說過的話,但當投影出來的鄧麗君開口說話時,卻讓現場一些台灣民眾感到有些「不對勁」,尤其是知曉鄧麗君說過她「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">回大陸演唱的那一天,就是三民主義統一中國的那一天。堅持在大陸實現民主之前,將永不踏入大陸土地<span lang="EN-US">…</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的民眾。現身於該展區的鄧麗君對著觀眾說:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我是鄧麗君,台灣是我生長的地方,我很熱愛台灣。我也很希望有一天去大陸開演唱會。我想唱首歌給你們聽,希望大家都能夠喜歡。(開始唱)好花不常開<span lang="EN-US">...</span>好景不常在<span lang="EN-US">...</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這段陳述都是鄧麗君曾經說過的話,但這些原本在不同脈絡中的文句被去脈絡地拼湊在一起,不僅巧妙地迴避了她過去特定的政治立場,還以愛台灣來呼應當前台灣本土認同的情境,並同時表明自己想去中國演唱的心願。這樣的陳述方式與當前試圖形塑兩岸區域整合的文化論述產生共鳴,其以台灣代稱中華民國並以大陸來指稱中華人民共和國,藉由這樣的地方稱謂來隱匿兩岸分屬兩個不同國家的明顯事實。如此用字和現在台灣某些同時會在中國播放的電視節目(例如《康熙來了》),在字幕上把口語說的中國改為內地的表述共享了同樣的邏輯,也就是在字詞的運用上淡化了兩國的界線,甚至像電視節目這個例子這樣直接以「內」來張顯兩者實為親密的、同為我群的地理領域。正是因為這樣的表述方式,而提供了某些文化商品得以讓陸客凝視或是跨越兩岸的前提要件,例如這個展覽在台灣的展期結束後即移至江蘇昆山展出。雖然現在無從得知展覽內容是否有什麼變化,但這個投影出來的鄧麗君的說辭已經呼應了當前跨境兩岸的文化商品的前提條件。除此之外,她還同時表明了自己對兩地的情感,一個是熱愛,另一個是希望能到那演唱,兩者抱持的基本上都是正向且熱切的態度。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 在相當程度上,展覽中所見到的這個鄧麗君所言不假,因為鄧麗君的確生於台灣,也的確說過她盼望有天能到大陸演唱,但主辦單位沒有「真實」重現的是她曾說過的但書,也就是在大陸實現民主之前,她絕不會登陸演唱的諾言。從陸客經濟和作為一個跨境兩岸的文化商品的面向來說,因為兩岸議題對於現在的中國與台灣民眾來說仍舊爭議不斷,所以主辦單位刻意忽略了這個最能表明鄧麗君的政治立場的言論來再現鄧麗君。如此將她的政治性淡化的表現,其實不只出現在這個展區中,整個展覽裡幾乎見不到鄧麗君被稱為「愛國藝人」的相關陳述,取而代之的是其被稱為「軍中情人」的歷史軼事,而她作為情人的這樣女性化十足的角色更被特別突顯出來。例如,該展覽開幕記者會特地邀請鄧麗君前往金門勞軍時獻吻的阿兵哥薛進友現身,作為開展噱頭,此舉便強化了鄧麗君作為「永遠的軍中情人」的意象。鄧麗君在上述過程中,一方面她的政治性被淡化,另一方面被性別化與情慾化。在這一消一長之間,或許可以說是再現的性別化與情慾化的突出,相對地掩蓋了鄧麗君原本在國家意識形態上明顯的政治性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 將鄧麗君的政治性淡化處理,不僅是試圖迴避當前兩岸複雜的政治爭議,也是呼應了陸客的觀光凝視所做的安排與設計。這與胡俊佳(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2000</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)所探討的陸客凝視下兩蔣文化園區的再現政治有異曲同工之妙。胡指出,在兩蔣文化園區的案例中,為了褪去蔣氏政權的政治爭議並且讓其成為一個具吸引力的觀光商品,園區選擇性地再現蔣氏政權,掩蓋其政治爭議,例如著重個人的歷史軼事,或強調其親民的長者形象。而兩蔣文化園區作為一個對具高度爭議的政權的紀念園區,以陸客消費論述來強調其作為觀光資源開發的重要性,藉此合理化園區對蔣氏政權的紀念活動,但該論述卻又突顯了兩岸跨境觀光背後涉及的「陸客」如何作為當前台灣社會中新興消費主體的政治。鄧麗君的再現政治類似於上述胡所探討的兩蔣的去政治化的政治,而這樣的政治正反映了當前兩岸社會接合過程中需要對其共同享有的歷史論述進行(再)書寫的必要性與衝突性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 當該展覽在迎合陸客經濟而選擇性再現鄧麗君的同時,卻在現下的台灣政治情境中令人覺得不太搭調,因為當下已有六成左右的台灣民眾<b>只</b>認同自己是台灣人</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。在這樣的背景中,對於某些知曉鄧麗君的歷史的台灣民眾來說,展覽透過再現刻意避開鄧麗君的政治立場問題顯得相當突兀,尤其是在現下對中國、大陸、台灣等指涉某種特定國族認同字眼引起高度爭議的台灣社會中,更是如此。鄧麗君生於台灣沒有錯,但為何稱中國為大陸?即便把鄧麗君放置於她所身處的時代氛圍中,肯認其稱中國為大陸乃合情合理,但為何對其赴大陸演唱的重要但書隻字未提?甚至在展覽中幾乎不見鄧麗君被稱為愛國藝人一事?從這個角度來說,展覽對鄧麗君的選擇性再現,乍看之下是在兩岸社會逐漸成形的當下建立了某種以兩岸為主體的文化身份,但卻與台灣近年於國族認同的議題上過半民眾走向單一的台灣人認同的時刻產生了認同的政治張力。也正是在這個意義上,該展透過鄧麗君的再現所建構的某種均質的、能夠跨境兩岸的認同,其存在的基礎是令人懷疑的,例如有參觀展覽後的台灣民眾即向我提及,他們明顯感受到這個展是展給陸客看的,認為自己與該展內容之間存在著某種莫名的距離感。換句話說,該展覽試圖迴避政治爭議的再現手段,卻與當前台灣人的認同狀況有所衝突,便又突顯了其爭議,進而瓦解了該再現試圖建立的某種跨境兩岸的身份認同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">結論</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 透過對</span><span lang="EN-US">2013</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">「追夢──永遠的鄧麗君特展」中所再現的鄧麗君的分析,我試圖說明在兩岸情境中藉由流行文化所建構的某種兩岸社會想像,昭示兩岸社會來臨的同時卻又在新的在地認同政治浮現的當下而消解了以兩岸為主體的流行文化的均質性。從近年在兩岸脈絡下有關於鄧麗君的文化生產的討論中,我們可以看到鄧麗君的流行文化現象乃是一個充滿複雜的政治衝突的文化景觀。我們能從中思考當下中國與台灣之間正逐漸成形的兩岸社會究竟是以什麼樣的狀態存在著。雖然兩岸社會正在成形,但同時間也在既有歷史與地理的差異基礎上衍生新的認同政治問題,並突顯了所謂跨境的兩岸認同絕非是一種穩固的存在。若回到作為一個流行文化現象的鄧麗君本身,那麼在當下這樣兩岸情境中所浮現的鄧麗君熱,尤其在現下的台灣,也絕非只是一個單純的對於過去的真實呈現,而是一個不斷受到區域的歷史、文化與權力的持續性作用中處於流變狀態的流行文化。在此,我認為,鄧麗君的流行文化在兩岸脈絡中跨時代的變化過程中所折射出來的不只是某種兩岸身份認同的建構過程,也反映了兩岸這樣的地理範疇本身所內涵的異質性如何扮演形塑該流行文化及觀者的身份認同的重要角色。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">參考文獻</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Baranovitch,
N. (2003). <i>China's New Voices: Popular
Music, Ethnicity, Gender, and Politics, 1978-1997</i>. London: University of
California Press. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fung,
A. Y. H. (2007). The emerging (national) popular music culture in China. <i>Inter-Asia Cultural Studies</i>, 8(3):
425-437.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ho,
W. C. (2000). The political meaning of Hong Kong popular music: a review of
sociopolitical relations between Hong Kong and the People’s Republic of China
since the 1980s. <i>Popular Music</i>,
19(3): 341-353.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Yang,
M. (1999). From Gender Erasure to Gender Difference: State Feminism, Consumer
Sexuality, and a Feminist Public Sphere in China. In<i> Women and Public Sphere in Transnational China</i>, New York:
Routledge.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">胡俊佳(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2012</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。觀光凝視作為文化治理:「兩蔣」、「陸客」與觀光的(去)政治化。<b>思與言</b>,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">50(3): 97-140</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">姜捷(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2013</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。<b>絕響─永遠的鄧麗君</b>。台北市:時報文化。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">師永剛、昭君、方旭</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2006</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。</span><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">十億個掌聲:鄧麗君傳</span></b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。台北市:普金傳播。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">John
Weir</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2013</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。鄧麗君</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1991</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年在金門向大陸同胞喊話。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=riHcC7LWIbQ</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2015.5.1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">中天電視(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2013</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。鄧麗君文物展開幕</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">陸客搶先看展。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.ctitv.com.tw/news_video_c17v113982.html</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2015.5.1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">好台灣(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2013</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。「追夢-永遠的鄧麗君」特展</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">浮空投影重現巨星丰采。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.ataiwan.net/op/activity?id=688</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2015.5.1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">美國之音(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2007</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。十八年后评六四</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">朝野中外大不同。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.voachinese.com/content/a-21-w2007-06-08-voa46-62985357/1037905.html</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2015.5.1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">星島日報(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2010</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。花博推名人館</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">陸客最愛鄧麗君。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://news.singtao.ca/toronto/2010-10-07/taiwan1286435001d2774392.html</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2015.5.1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">國立中正紀念堂管理處(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2013</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。追夢-永遠的鄧麗君特展。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.cksmh.gov.tw/index.php?code=list&flag=detail&ids=85&article_id=8516</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2015.5.1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">想想(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2013</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。數字台灣:台灣人的國族/國家認同變化。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.thinkingtaiwan.com/content/1192</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2015.5.1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">臺灣影音(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2015</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2013</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">追夢</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">永遠的鄧麗君特展</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> 3D</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">全像浮空投影</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">何日君再來。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZ1mdbAdnus</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2015.5.1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">聯合晚報(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2010</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。迎陸客</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">各地見小鄧館。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://udn.com/NEWS/ENTERTAINMENT/ENT1/5585612.shtml</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2015.5.1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.cksmh.gov.tw/index.php?code=list&flag=detail&ids=85&article_id=8516<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">有關鄧麗君的個人生命史,詳情可參考姜捷(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2013</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)的著作《絕響-永遠的鄧麗君》。</span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">參考</span><span lang="EN-US">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=riHcC7LWIbQ</span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://udn.com/NEWS/ENTERTAINMENT/ENT1/5585612.shtml</span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.voachinese.com/content/a-21-w2007-06-08-voa46-62985357/1037905.html<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZ1mdbAdnus</span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040502%20%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%99%B8%E5%AE%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%84%A7%E7%86%B1.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">根據政治大學選舉研究中心於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2013</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年公佈的台灣人認同調查結果。轉引自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.thinkingtaiwan.com/content/1192<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-2609316795409902682015-05-26T00:42:00.002-07:002015-05-26T00:46:44.627-07:00C-Mei’s Music Culture: Asia Pop and the Constructions of Gay Identities in Taipei G Star<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8Miwi2cv06EEKa_mZ2SbcB5YrpqKHAGw-N5FAl1We9nGkxI8H2NMms63E24JHZup3BhqzBTFrbue8419BVIN0byWzhGBlf7xJLGLQHDRzDndtUeHgNlmN4Sxf1FwshZ7NErz7LZZODDLY/s1600/IMG_0903.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8Miwi2cv06EEKa_mZ2SbcB5YrpqKHAGw-N5FAl1We9nGkxI8H2NMms63E24JHZup3BhqzBTFrbue8419BVIN0byWzhGBlf7xJLGLQHDRzDndtUeHgNlmN4Sxf1FwshZ7NErz7LZZODDLY/s400/IMG_0903.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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Lai Yen-fu (2015). C-Mei’s Music Culture: Asia Pop and the Constructions of Gay Identities in Taipei G Star (conference paper). 15th Music and Cultural Studies Conference.(獲科技部國內研究生出席國際學術會議補助)<br />
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<b style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Introduction</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In recent years, the trend that worships
masculinity is widespread among gay men in Taiwan. Many gay men, especially
young ones, identify themselves with masculinity. Because the masculine trend represses
gay men who do not fit in the standard and makes them suffer, queer studies in
Taiwan point out that it follows the same old disastrous road along which
homosexuals are discriminated by heterosexuals, therefore it needs to be
criticized severely. Even though this critique is very important, it assumes a
stable hierarchy between masculinity and femininity, and makes them become a
matter of dualism. Actually, people often directly recognize masculinity and
femininity through binary thinking. It seems like that gay men identify
themselves with either masculinity or femininity. It’s too inflexible to use it
to illustrate how gay men perform themselves in their everyday lives. In
contrast to this perspective, I suggest that masculinity and femininity are
hybrid and are always in the process of becoming. In order to explain my argument,
I find that Asia Pop in G Star, a special gay dance culture in Taiwan, is a
good example to show how femininity plays an important role to construct gay
identity in the trend that worships masculinity. By the way, G Star is one of
the most famous gay bars in East Asia, which opened in 2009. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">What is Asia Pop?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Asia Pop” refers to a cultural
spectacle which is regarded as a prime-time program in G Star and is composed
of Korean and Taiwan pop music by female singers, such as Girls’ Generation,
T-ara, 4minute, Jolin Tsai, Jeannie Hsieh, and so on. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Typically speaking, rather than Asia
Pop, house music which is composed of western pop music is used as a prime-time
program in gay clubs all the time. The reason why Asia Pop replaces house music
in G Star involves the drug issue. The development of house music culture in
Taiwan accompanies the controversial issue of recreational drug use. Because
clubs are the breeding grounds of drug use, the government forces clubs to take
the responsibility to stave off the drugs by law. To avoid breaking the laws, G
Star chooses Asia Pop as its prime-time program and it soon becomes its
distinguished characteristic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">When DJs play Asia Pop, many gay
customers step onto the stage and imitate female stars’ dancing steps in music
videos. In general, customers in G Star fit in the description that queer
studies often associate with the masculine image, such as short haircut,
muscular body and American wearing style. Even though they look masculine, they
dance with a feminine touch in that moment. Their dancing skills are so good,
even better and more feminine than female stars. Because K-pop’s MV dances are
highly feminine, gay men who participate in the dance movement are considered
sissy gay men, called C-Mei in Chinese. The dance-scape organized by Asia Pop
in G Star is popular with local gay community and foreign tourists. Obviously,
the landscape does not fit in the trend of gay community’s gender performance.
Regarding the “dance-scape,” I wonder how gay people experience femininity, or
sissiness, through participating in Asia Pop. According to Frith (1996),
musical experience is the experience that a person shapes his/her self in the process
of performing music. How does the experience of performing Asia Pop involve in
the construction of gay identity? In order to answer this question, I adopt
geographical approach to analyze “dance-scape.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dance
Music, Gay Identities and Affective Homosexualities<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gay culture can be best represented by
dance music. From the historical perspective, how Disco in 1970s and House in
1980s became popular is closely linked to the development of gay culture.
Therefore, analyzing gay’s dance music and its cultural space is an appropriate
way to understand dynamic constructions of gay identities and communities. For
studying the interaction between Asia Pop and the constructions of clubbers’
gay identities, I approach Tan’s concept of ‘affective (hetero)sexualities’
which bases on non-representational theory to frame the relations between music
performances and politics of sexualities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">‘Affective (hetero)sexualities’ is the
concept from Qian Hui Tan’s (2013) analysis of club culture in Singapore.
‘Affective (homo)sexualities’ is defined as the atmosphere about ‘being a gay
man’ between encounters of different dancing bodies. The atmosphere allows
clubbers’ bodies to affect and to be affected. Just in that moment, there is
some feeling vague but intensive about being a part of the gay scene emerging
and becoming. This perspective is very important, because it shows that
meanings of music are not always defined by pre-given representations such as
lyrics. Just like Tan’s illustration, affect could not be understood through
the analysis of symbolic systems. In terms of the practice of music, affective
subject is always in the process of musiking.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">However, in Tan’s analysis,
representations of music are neglected. In contrast to her view, I suggest that
the analysis of representations of Asia Pop is necessary to be considered.
Because of Asia Pop’s characteristics, representation plays a significant role
to shape clubbers’ music experiences. There are three reasons. First, the style
of dance steps in Asia Pop is the hybrid genre made of Freestyle and LA Style.
Its steps are designed by lyrics distinctly. Take ‘Taxi’ from Girls’ Generation
as an example. When these girls sing ‘taxi, taxi, taxi, …’, they dance with the
movement of driving. Second, as a result of the contents of lyrics, Asia Pop
has obvious female images. The lyrics in Asia Pop often narrate stories,
especially about love, in girl’s position, so the steps express the images of
girls. Third, Asia Pop is an imitation culture. For clubbers who are good at MV
dance, they judge each other’s performance by how it resembles the dance presented by female stars in MV.
According to these reasons, the analysis of representation could not be
neglected. It’s important to think about how representation matters in the
process of musiking.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Research Methods<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">I approach music ethnography to do this
research. For geography, the method not only echoes the tendency that
geographers employ non-representational theory to explore how meanings emerge
from practices of music in recent years, but also help geography illustrate the
relations between structure, agency, and geographic context and expose the
tissue of everyday life (Herbert, 2000: 550-551). I have worked on the
fieldwork for three years, from 2012-2015. The study is now in progress.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Space for Performances of Affective Homosexualities</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">To understand how Asia Pop shapes
clubbers’ gay identities, it’s important to identify music as a part of the
space. According to Tan, space matters, because the arrangements of space, such
as light, music, and so on, assemblage clubbers’ affective homosexualities.
Generally speaking, because of the stage, many clubbers regard G Star as a
space for performance. When DJs play Asia Pop, clubbers who love it will stand
onto the stage and then dance to other clubbers. Clubbers in the dance floor
hail the clubbers on the stage. The interactions between performers and
audience shape the affective atmosphere among clubbers continuously. They feel
high and happy. Other clubbers outside from the stage and the floor are also
affected by the atmosphere. Some of them move to the dance floor and want to
get happy with crowds in that moment. The floor and the stage are usually
crowded. Everybody is soaking with sweat. What clubbers feel is not only a kind
of intensive affect but also something about being a gay man. Most of the
clubbers who have been in the music scene tell me that they felt themselves are
so ‘gay’ in that moment. The reason includes both the gay men gathering here
and the Asia Pop with obvious female images. For clubbers, Asia Pop is a kind
of girl-style dance culture. When clubbers participate in the scene, they feel
so ‘gay’ because they intimate how female stars dance. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The representation of music plays an
important role to shape clubbers’ gay identities here, too. Asia Pop evokes the
stereotype that gay man is regarded as a sissy man who is considered abnormal
in the heterosexual society in Taiwan. The stereotype is not rejected nor
accepted, but considered as the history of gay culture by clubbers. Here,
through the practice perspective, the meanings of symbolic system of music
become changeable. That is to say, there would be varied meanings produced in
the process. These emerging meanings challenge the stable hierarchy of values,
such as the hierarchical status of masculinity and femininity. Clubbers who
look like masculine are affected by the atmosphere to participate in Asia Pop
and perform sissiness. Based on the case, music not only blurs the distinction
between masculinity and femininity but also makes G Star a space for performing
sissiness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">It seems that there is no hierarchy in
the process of performing Asia Pop. However, it is not so. There is still a
hierarchy evolving from the different images of women. I find that the practice
of Jeannie Hsieh’s ‘Sister’ in G Star is a good example to illustrate it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sissy Performances and the Constructions of Gay
Identity <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jeannie Hsieh is very popular in Taiwan.
Her dance music is popular with both the heterosexual and the homosexual. In G
Star, clubbers love her music such as ‘Bi Bi Bi’ (</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">嗶嗶嗶</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">),
‘Fantastic’ (</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">一級棒</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), ‘Sister’ (</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">姐姐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">),
and so on, especially ‘Sister’. The song was published and quickly became a gay
anthem in 2013. It describes a mature woman who is not afraid of being pursued
by young men, singing the song with confidence in the position of the first
person. ‘Call me sister’ is the most famous lyric line. It even becomes the
slogan of this song. When clubbers hear this sentence, they will sing along
loudly. It is the lyrics that make gay men love the song, because it echoes the
‘sisterhood’ culture in Taiwan gay community. Gay men usually call each other
‘sister’ in Taiwan. It’s a gay subculture that follows the stereotype of the
connection between gay man and sissy man intentionally. In the moment that
clubbers sing the words ‘call me sister’ together, clubbers evoke the
‘sisterhood’ culture. Because of the understanding, clubbers make amusement and
the scene so enthusiastic from practicing the song. Many clubbers who perform
sissiness by the song feel so happy in the dance scene. Here, the performance
of sissiness is a kind of insider’s knowledge. When it becomes the element of
fun-making for gay men, it becomes the part of gay-identity making. The
hierarchy between masculinity and femininity become ‘flat’ in the practice of
music.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">However, there is
something hierarchical produced by the performance of different female images.
Different female images, such as diva, cute girls, proud woman, and so on, echo
evaluations about masculinity and femininity. Take Jeannie Hsieh’s ‘Sister’ as
an example. The female image of the song, sister or older sister, </span><span style="background: white; font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">姐姐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> in Chinese, expresses masculine femininity. This kind of
femininity is easily accepted for clubbers, because it looks stronger. The
image of Jeannie Hsieh’s ‘Sister’ is compatible with gay subculture in Taiwan.
In the context, gay man seldom calls himself ‘younger sister’. As my informant
said, the image of ‘younger sister’ looks feeble. “No one wanna be a feeble
person. That kinda sucks,” he said. For this reason, it’s necessary to
recognize what female images are selected to perform by clubbers. The selection
re-produces the hierarchy among femininities, such as masculine femininity,
feminine femininity, and so on.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In this presentation, I reveal that
sissy performance is not a dualism of masculinity and femininity but the
becoming of gay identities in continuous play of history, culture, and power.
From this view, the relations between masculinity and femininity are hybrid
rather than hierarchical. Nevertheless, it does not mean that there is no
hierarchy anymore. Performances of Asia Pop re-produce the hierarchy of
femininities which echos the context of gay subculture in Taiwan. In other
words, hierarchy is always there but in different forms. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-45770811178714455842015-03-21T10:11:00.000-07:002015-05-31T23:37:18.149-07:00豪門地理家教日記 (1) 關於這份工作和這本日記<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我從來沒有想過會有靠做中學地理教育過活的一天。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 我從來沒有想到會有靠做地理教育過活的一天。現在我正幫台北市幾個私立學校做地理奧林匹亞競賽的培訓工作。一眨眼間,也已經四、五年有了。這個原本算是兼差的工作也成了能夠養活自己的專任職缺。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 自從在高一升高二的暑假參加過台大地理營之後,我一心一意只想念地理系,並立志做一名專業的地理研究人員。要真的說我到底為什麼這麼想念地理學,我實在說不出個所以然。類似什麼保護環境拯救世界云云,聽起來只像是我推甄大學面試的時候為了討好教授而硬說出來的場面話。或許對當時的我來說,想念地理就只是覺得這樣很酷,毫無道理可言。現在想起來,可能真的是這樣。雖然說地理學家這個頭銜聽起來的確很特別很酷,但因為沒什麼人真的瞭解地理學家到底有什麼用,至少在我求學經歷中生活周遭可沒有人想起聖艾修伯里的《小王子》這本世界知名的童話書裡有個說自己懂得海洋、山川與城鎮的地理學家,也沒有人真的因為地理資訊系統這類時髦的地理科技工具而覺得地理學和一般認為「很有用」的高科技產業搭得上邊,因此想以地理學家為職志,這大概和向別人說「</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif";">我想變成跳蚤</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」是一樣的意思吧。即便如此,我還是樂在其中,甚至號召班上同學和我一起去研究八卦山陸地採土區,一同參加地理奧林匹亞競賽。後來如願念了地理系,而且很快地便意識到,大學地理系裡說的地理,和中學地理教育中講的地理,根本是兩件事情。過去的我一直覺得台灣社會之所以沒辦法好好認識地理學,實在是我們中學地理教育長久以來給人的特定印象所造成的,因此從大學開始便對地理教育產生了一種莫名的距離感。直到現在,這種距離感仍然強烈,但對於目前從事有點另類的地理教育工作的我來說,或許已經有了某種神祕的調適方法,否則我沒辦法對自己為何能在這份工作中總是幹勁滿滿並覺得充實快樂這件事情提出解釋。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 關於這種神祕的調適過程,值得我寫一本書或好幾篇文章大聊特聊,不過這不是寫日記的重點,也不是我這份工作最有趣的部份。事實上,它只是整個事業中非常非常小的一塊。我的工作最有趣的部份,就是它使我能以地理家教的身份進入所謂上流社會的生活,當個人類學家近距離觀察當代台灣新富家庭的教養文化。我想這很合理,因為我這份工作基本上就是這個教養文化的產物。因此,與其說是日記,倒不如說是田野筆記。從這個角度來說,我後來之所以可以在這個工作中混得很好,可能也要歸功於自己熱愛研究的個性。我想,這就是一種我剛剛說的調適吧!雖然說某程度上這種對事事感到好奇的心會一不小心讓自己太像一個偷窺狂,但如果我能夠把握這個機會,倒不失是個讓自己穿越階級文化藩籬以進行上流社會的民族誌研究的好辦法。而且很有趣的一件事情是,過去一直被認為冷門且在最近幾年大學指考登記分發越來越不受重視的地理教育,漸漸沒了所謂普羅大眾的市場,卻在上流社會的教育計畫中意外冒出了新芽,然後成長茁壯。這是當初我踏入這行的時候始料未及的一件事情。在地理奧林匹亞競賽的包裝下,地理教育為何及如何獲得上流社會的青睞?地理教育被打造成什麼樣的教育商品?而這些父母砸錢送小孩上培訓課程的時候,究竟寄託了什麼在地理教育上?他們期許孩子未來成為什麼樣的人?那個期待和願景又是什麼?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 事實上,這些問題是最近才在心裡浮現的,因為最近兩三個月內我的案主從</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">學校擴展至</span><span lang="EN-US">B</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">D</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">等校,這些學校有的是表面和平相處但若暗地裡打起架來可是會互扯頭髮的姐妹校。不僅如此,前一陣子還有中國偌大的教育市場向我招手,說他們也想搞搞這門生意。我的工作再也不是專屬於某個學校的秘密,而是已經在教育這個主題上成為某種上流社會的文化現象。雖然我也很好奇當前中國新富家庭的教養文化,且若真的成功進軍中國那麼我接下來大可靠這行吃飯,但在我腳步還沒好好站穩之前,任何生意版圖上的擴張想法對我來說都是危險的,畢竟教育這行嚴格來說是手工藝,或者說是某種相當耗費教育者心神的集體催眠儀式,甚至是必須要賣力演出並和觀眾高度互動的娛樂事業,不容許自己忽視人的心力有限而打壞了招牌。雖然我決定止步於此,還沒做好心理準備進軍中國,但光是把這些年台灣的這些學校對地理奧林匹亞競賽的興趣和投資,以及把家長、同學和幾位老師涉入在該教育產業的過程給說明清楚,我想就一本日記來說,也算是充實了。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 寫到這裡,我正為了這個寫家教日記的計畫感到莫名興奮。我一直很喜歡蘇西耶‧凡卡德希在芝加哥國宅與紐約城做的民族誌研究,以及芭芭拉‧艾倫瑞克化身為女服務生寫的底層生活紀實。我想到我之前用了幾個晚上的睡前時間,一連把凡卡德希的《我當黑幫老大的日子》和《地下紐約》,以及艾倫瑞克的《我在底層的生活》通通念完。由於他們書中的故事太精彩,導致我好幾個夜晚處於讀到好書會有的亢奮狀態而睡不著覺(顯然這些書不太適合作睡前讀物)。我幻想著我有一天可以像他們那樣,身體力行,從事有趣的田野工作,然後有條有理地把蒐集來的精彩故事好好地說給別人聽。當我讀著他們寫下的文字時,我可以具體感受到他們在面臨不同處境時做出的種種抉擇和身體行動,更重要的是在這些情境中所蘊含的引發我們深入思考某些議題的潛能,每每讀來都讓人覺得很受啟發。我想,現在正是我實現這個夢想的時候。即便我的家教日記裡頭沒有破落的國宅也沒有城市裡的陰暗角落,沒有黑道兄弟為了鞏固地盤而展開火拼的驚險畫面,也沒有在小房間裡夜夜擔心生意不好的阻街女郎的身影,更沒有會對我大呼小叫亂發飆的上司,有的是深山裡富麗堂皇的城堡建築以及一棟棟活像精品屋的別墅豪宅,一些看起來有點焦慮的、常被認為是(但實際上常常不是)虎媽狼爸的直升機家長,一些正值青春期的中二生小屁孩,以及幾個在台大就學中的地理老師,但有關於這些人事物所湊組而成的故事也常常不是一般社會大眾可以想像的經歷,我可以想見正在讀我的日記的人之後會覺得自己和故事主人翁的「他者的距離」絕對不亞於我們看待黑幫、妓女以及遊民等角色會有的疏離經驗。不過,縱使底層和上流同樣都是具藩籬效應的階級文化,但其中有諸多情節也會和一般社會大眾的生活經驗產生共振,畢竟每個人的日常生活或多或少都有同樣的問題要面對,例如教育和連帶的各類晉升的自我期許等,因此這些以上流社會的地理教育為題的日記,同時是對上流社會及其教養方式的建構和解構過程,也是對人類社會普遍存在的教育文化的某個側寫。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 開場白寫到這裡也已經差不多了,再這樣寫下去的話,只怕一些在書寫上已成習慣的假掰感十足的學術用字會越來越多。不過,在我為這篇序文做結之前,我想我得先下個關於研究倫理的但書。在這本日記裡面,全部的出場人物通通都是匿名,且在一些故事情節方面,我做了些許更動,尤其是時序的部份。這樣的更動是為了避免這些真實故事的當事人被指認出來所做的防禦性作為。我之所以說這是防禦性的,是因為這個市場很小且很特別,再加上我的幾個學生在該項賽事的表現非常突出,因此只要有些接觸的人,可能不難猜出部份出場人物的真實姓名。話雖如此,但我在日記中盡了很大的努力來防止這件事情發生。</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">我不希望這些日記看來像是藍色蜘蛛網或玫瑰瞳鈴眼之類揭密意圖強烈的社會寫實節目,我希望的是這些日記能以我的親身經歷來組織一種思索教育文化的方式。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 現在,我需要的</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">是一個和我的肚子一樣圓的句點,以及一個起點,來開始我在上流社會的地理家教日記。</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">對於這個起點,若有什麼是可以選擇的話,或許就先從地理奧林匹亞競賽講起吧。</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-35108781354411259312015-02-21T07:35:00.003-08:002015-03-27T01:20:10.713-07:00當地理研究生遇上G Star的Asia Pop(精簡版)<a href="http://www.geog-daily.org/2444422320303402010765372yours/g-starasia-pop">本文刊載於2015年2月23日《地理眼》 (<i>Geog Daily</i>) 。</a><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這和地理有什麼關係</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2012</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年退伍剛回來地理系念碩士班的時候,我為了要尋找與音樂相關又要與我切身相關的研究題目,便隨同友人前往同志夜店去看看。去的這家夜店叫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">它開幕於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2009</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年,原店址在台北市松江路上,後搬遷至現今的龍江路上。在短短幾年營業期間,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">已成為台北、台灣乃至於東亞地區相當知名的同志夜店。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 我抵達</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">後便隨同友人往地下室走去,經幾個櫃台票員看過身份證、確認年滿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">18</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">歲並向他們購票之後,我又再往下走到一扇大門前。我推開大門,立馬襲來的是熱鬧的電子舞曲音樂。隨音樂映入眼簾的是一抹有著炫麗燈光點綴的夜晚、幾個隨機播放著男同志們喜愛的流行天后如碧昂絲</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">‧</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">吉賽兒</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">‧</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">諾利斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (Beyoncé Gisselle
Knowles)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、凱莉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">‧</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">米洛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (Kylie Ann Minogue) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、凱蒂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">‧</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">佩芮</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (Katy Perry)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、女神卡卡</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (Lady Gaga) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">等人的音樂錄影帶</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (music video</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,以下簡稱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">MV) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的電視螢幕,以及它的環型雙層樓的空間設計(圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。空間的正中央設有舞池與舞台,舞台正上方掛有幾顆閃耀的五芒星,而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">DJ</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">台則位處正對舞台的二樓。幾張沙發與桌椅則環繞著舞池排列。由於店內燈光大多聚光於舞池區,因此座位區則顯得相對昏暗,不過不至於伸手不見五指。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJPiGkUX2yXx65gsZQLu5EPe0PcD8mV5j8Tm3kn9NouOLB3Bol1Ca60FW50LZEugo55XP66MlEV3hnapRQEdiwFRmyN4hPdHMvh7TQ0aZUdXXO2uKM02-NMAXCq1QJGPDJWgvBk7qfb5Fv/s1600/gstar_club_en0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJPiGkUX2yXx65gsZQLu5EPe0PcD8mV5j8Tm3kn9NouOLB3Bol1Ca60FW50LZEugo55XP66MlEV3hnapRQEdiwFRmyN4hPdHMvh7TQ0aZUdXXO2uKM02-NMAXCq1QJGPDJWgvBk7qfb5Fv/s1600/gstar_club_en0.jpg" height="267" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">店內一景(資料來源:亞洲同志旅遊網</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <span lang="EN-US">http://gaytravel.tw/travel/detail/g_star</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 到了凌晨</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">00:30</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">左右,正值店家推出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Happy Hour</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">所有飲品買一送一的時間。這時的我已經幾瓶啤酒下肚。正在這開始微醺的時刻,我突然發現舞池早已擠滿了人。夜店客們隨著音樂搖擺、舞動,沉浸於歡愉氛圍之中。到了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1:00</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">左右,店裡的音樂突然變得不太一樣,從先前西洋流行天后的舞曲音樂,轉變成韓國女子舞團與台灣女歌手的音樂作品,直到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2:30</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">稱這段時間為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。每當店裡開始播亞洲舞曲的時候,便會有夜店客站上舞台模仿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">中的女星們的動作,摸胸、扭腰、擺臀,像她們那樣跳舞。夜店客們稱這樣的舞叫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">舞,或者排舞。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e6jkuUANNc">Asia Pop</a></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">令第一次到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的我感到相當驚奇,因為台上的夜店客們個個對舞步相當熟稔,且彼此動作整齊劃一、默契十足,他們一同跳舞的景象好似一部</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">完整上演,更重要的是他們能夠跟著</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">DJ</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">切換歌曲的時機來轉換舞步</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/1040221%20%E7%95%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%94%9F%E9%81%87%E4%B8%8AG%20Star%E7%9A%84Asia%20Pop.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。上一秒還是少女時代</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/1040221%20%E7%95%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%94%9F%E9%81%87%E4%B8%8AG%20Star%E7%9A%84Asia%20Pop.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,下一秒已經是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">T-ara<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/1040221%20%E7%95%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%94%9F%E9%81%87%E4%B8%8AG%20Star%E7%9A%84Asia%20Pop.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。令人不禁好奇:「他們怎麼都會跳?是同一團的嗎?是練習過才來的嗎?」而台下舞池中乃至在二樓圍欄邊的夜店客們也跟著他們一起跳舞並且應聲歌唱。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">炒熱了整個</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的氣氛,台上台下融成一片,彷彿是這不眠夜的最高潮(照片</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWT6H9FK4BuDDo_ISvEMW5lH-luJ-sKnDJSmRKM2O9iwGt-TixMZswFgus1btVmJxk7eGO5AwLf6JraV6o4TLiKnvk_KpUy0uiRo216fucSda70B0TYVKEAxcneUax8Ubzp9y_0sDGvW-p/s1600/IMG_0963.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWT6H9FK4BuDDo_ISvEMW5lH-luJ-sKnDJSmRKM2O9iwGt-TixMZswFgus1btVmJxk7eGO5AwLf6JraV6o4TLiKnvk_KpUy0uiRo216fucSda70B0TYVKEAxcneUax8Ubzp9y_0sDGvW-p/s1600/IMG_0963.JPG" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(照片</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">實況(攝於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2012</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年秋天)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">然而,並非所有人都沉浸在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的熱鬧氛圍中。這天,我注意到新認識的朋友</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Leo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">似乎對</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">沒什麼興趣。我藉關心之意詢問他為何不一起跳舞同樂,他語氣略帶不屑地回應我說:「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">因為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">C</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">妹的音樂</span></b><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,我才不跳。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」音樂的行為,諸如表演、聆聽、舞蹈、思考以及談論音樂等,是納入身份於其中而具有社會意義</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (Stokes, 1994: 5) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。所謂的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">妹,是同志圈裡對娘娘腔男同志的別稱。由於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">基本上是一個女舞文化,因此上台模仿女星跳舞的夜店客們便被認為是踰越了社會約定俗成的男人應有男人樣子的性別規範的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">妹,進而標籤化了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的性別身份</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (gender) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">意義。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Leo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">即以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">妹的音樂為由,解釋他不願融入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的原因,並透過冷眼旁觀拒絕參與的身體行動,與</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">劃清界線。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Leo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">此舉不僅意在突顯其非</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">妹一族,亦視</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">妹為他者。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 事實上,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Leo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">並非特例,因為許多夜店客也曾向我提及類似批評,不過這些批評常常同時觸及與性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (sex) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">相關的評價,例如認為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">妹令人倒陽。有些愛跳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">舞的夜店客自然也意識到這一點,而刻意迴避在夜店這樣交際找伴意圖明顯的休閒空間中貿然上台跳舞,或調整其舞步(例如故意掉拍讓自己看起來有些笨拙)來讓自己的舞姿看起來不會太娘。這些努力都是為了避免自己被當成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">妹進而讓自己變成情慾市場上的滯銷品。從這個角度來說,在某些夜店客的眼中,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">妹之所以是不可慾望的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (undesirable) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,其實是性別與性的評價共同交織的結果。這種認為性別與性的討論是緊密相連的觀點叫性/別</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/1040221%20%E7%95%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%94%9F%E9%81%87%E4%B8%8AG%20Star%E7%9A%84Asia%20Pop.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (sexualities) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。不過,這也只是部份夜店客的說法。值得注意的是,有些夜店客相當喜愛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,甚至連一些因為不喜</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">妹而批評</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的夜店客也盡情融入其中。如果我們把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">放在台灣男同志與娘娘腔相糾纏的文化歷史中來看,這個音樂節目同時存在往不同認同方向拉扯而去的張力,尤其是表現在那些既批評又參與的夜店客們的身上,一方面他們對模仿女星跳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">舞及其表演者投以異樣乃至鄙夷眼光,而另一方面卻也享受於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">當下的愉快氛圍中,唱唱跳跳好不快樂。從這個角度來說,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是一個相當矛盾且複雜的男同志展演娘娘腔的音樂文化。<b>那麼,夜店客們展演</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的經驗如何構成其對自身同志身份的自我理解?</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">
Asia Pop</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">女性</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">符碼及圈內連帶的C妹指涉如何影響他們的舞步?</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia
Pop</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">對他們自身性/別身份的建構的影響是什麼?</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 經過與</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Leo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">相遇的那個晚上以及後來幾次前往</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">做的初步田野調查之後,我總算有了比較明確的問題意識,並把它定位為性/別研究。由於我採用的研究方法是音樂民族誌,因此我必須在這個文化裡找到具代表性的報導人,並參與他們的生活,跟他們泡夜店然後看他們跳舞、和他們跳舞,甚至向他們學舞。其中一位報導人叫哆啦(圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">),是我最主要的報導人阿蛋引介認識的。哆啦大有來頭,他曾是前幾年台灣最瘋韓流的時候趁勢而起的「彩虹時代」團員之一。哆啦與我相識已有一段時間,在最近一年中也有過幾次訪談,但直到最近一次見面,他仍舊向我問起我們第一次見面時他曾問過的問題:「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">你到底是念什麼的啊?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」事實上,不只哆啦這樣,其他報導人也常常問我類似的問題,例如:「</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">gay</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在夜店跳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">MV</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">舞和地理有什麼關係?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」當我碰到這類問題的時候,我知道他們心裡應該是在想說我如果是念社會學的研究生的話還比較說得過去。我無數次猜想他們內心小劇場的台詞可能是:「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">嗯?地理學?地理學不是要研究山山水水還有哪個地方有什麼東西嗎?除了你是個</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">gay</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">之外,我想不到你為什麼會在這裡?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">」</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">對於這些常常充斥在我耳朵裡嗡嗡叫的疑問,我任憑它們埋沒在當下嘈雜的音樂聲響中,畢竟在夜店這個要放鬆玩樂的場合裡不適合上地理課,而我想他們可能也只是不知道要和我說什麼便隨口問起了這個問題,並沒有要大聊特聊的意思,而且更重要的是,滿口滔滔何謂地理的研究生可是有被他們當成怪咖的風險,所以我便搪塞了一個煞有其事的簡單回應:「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">因為夜店是個空間,而地理就是一門處理空間的學問,所以我才會在這裡呀!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」當我說出這句話之後,朋友們通常會很配合地表現出恍然大悟的樣子,然後有默契地當我們沒討論過這個問題。雖然我的回答就飲酒作樂的場合來說蠻得體的,不過卻留下了不小的後遺症,那就是他們根本不知道我的研究到底和地理有什麼關係。這讓我覺得,我好像不是一個盡責的研究生。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieD0IVxxIr7fjssvrHddhEZWoAg7rEncCcFPIffZNpQhPvHm6wzZYuNqs4y8gt93Rn6iYYyMcWukqeVaMwxCkdLNwmn5qX3VbB_YGeS65QJmam_Y8zDLPgzLZ47cG8Xx41PTLpnREKwCb7/s1600/%E6%9C%AA%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieD0IVxxIr7fjssvrHddhEZWoAg7rEncCcFPIffZNpQhPvHm6wzZYuNqs4y8gt93Rn6iYYyMcWukqeVaMwxCkdLNwmn5qX3VbB_YGeS65QJmam_Y8zDLPgzLZ47cG8Xx41PTLpnREKwCb7/s1600/%E6%9C%AA%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D.png" height="262" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)哆啦曾是「彩虹時代」一員,現專職從事舞蹈教學與表演工作(資料來源:康熙來了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> 2010-07-05 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">彩虹時代上全台另類舞蹈大集合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wD2Q5iki4gM</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 其實,我心裡很清楚,我給他們的答案是典型的空間作為一種承載事物的容器觀點。我這麼做是因為這種觀點很好理解,因為如果沒有空間,那我們就不可能存在,但它卻沒辦法說明空間究竟與人們的文化活動乃至身份認同之間的關聯性究竟為何,以至於實際的我在他們生活中的面目相當模糊:他們知道我在研究他們,可能還知道我研究的是他們的跳舞經驗,不過卻沒辦法確切瞭解<b>這到底和地理有什麼關係</b>。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我的分析視角:酷兒地理學</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 夜店客們跳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">究竟與地理何干?事實上,大有關係。我們之所以沒辦法把</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">地理學和性/別文化連想在一起,主要原因在於台灣地理學界對於性別</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (gender) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">與性/別</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (sexualities) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">議題相對不重視,以及台灣社會一般所理解的地理學著眼於對地方的認識。如果我們從地理學發展的歷史中來看,其實這個學科對性/別研究的關注至少可以說是從</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">90</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代就開始了。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">80</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代初期,地理學受到女性主義思潮的發展,開始有一群地理學者探討性別議題,力圖揭露空間中隱藏的性別不平等關係。到了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">90</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代,有些學者甚至對地理學以男性為中心的知識生產狀況提出深刻的批評,例如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gillian Rose</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1993</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年發表的《女性主義與地理學:地理學知識的侷限》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (<i>Feminism and geography: the limits of geographical knowledge</i>) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。於此同時,地理學受到剛開始發展的酷兒理論的影響,例如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Judith Butler (1990) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在其《性別麻煩:女性主義與身份的顛覆》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (<i>Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity</i>) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">一書中提出的性別操演理論,地理學也逐步發展出以性/別為分析觀點的次領域「酷兒地理學」</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (queer geography) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,旨在檢視空間如何形塑異性戀、同性戀與雙性戀等不同性/別身份之間的權力關係等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 剛剛說的性別和性/別是兩個相當不同的分析概念。基本上,前者認為人的性別是根據既有身體的生理性而建構出來的社會產物,後者則指出,若按前者的邏輯來看,那麼人的性別只會有(異性戀的)兩性,但如此一來便無法看見更多性別樣態,因此其認為連人的生理性本身也是被建構出來的,也就是說其認為性別其實是更廣泛的性的建構的一部份。如此一來,我們對性別認同的認識便不會只有兩性而已。從英文來看會比較清楚。生理性可寫作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">sex</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,而這邊說的性的建構指的是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">sexualities</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。由於它的字根</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ality</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">有「性質」的意思,再加上其複數形式,充分地說明了性本身具有多樣的性質。換句話說,我們所認識的性其實存在多種可能,不只是異性戀,還有同性戀、雙性戀、無性戀等,而對於這些XX戀的認識則必須在一地社會文化脈絡中加以理解。兩者差異的關鍵在於各自對身體具有的生理性徵的不同理解。在相當程度上,前者認為身體的性徵是與生俱來的本質物,但後者則認為身體的性徵本身是社會性的,是透過體現的社會實踐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (embodied social
practice) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">所構成的建構物。從這個差異中,我們也可以理解,酷兒地理學所說的「酷兒」,不只是指涉對性少數如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">LGBT</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的關懷,更是一種對任何被視為具有本質的性提出質疑的思考視角。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 酷兒地理學對性/別研究的貢獻在於,其指出地理在形塑性/別的權力關係上佔有重要地位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Johnston &
Longhurst (2010) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在《空間、地方與性:性/別的地理學》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (<i>Space, place, and sex: geographies of sexualities</i>) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">一書引文中指出:「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">地方與性/別是相互建構的。性/別對於人們的生活以及與空間互動的方式有很深刻的影響。而空間與地方也會影響人們的性/別</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (p. 3) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。」舉凡從旅館、公園、健身房、百貨公司、紅燈區、夜店、酒吧、海灘乃至於我們的日常居家等,這些地方都涉及了性的建構。例如,有些住宅區相當排斥娼妓文化,便透過行動將娼妓驅逐至到居家空間之外。在這個驅逐的過程中,空間便成為形塑一種好的異性戀性和壞的異性戀性的重要手段。不僅如此,這個過程也說明了一般在性少數研究中被預設為單一且具壓迫性的異性戀性其實也存在著異質性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (Hubbard, 2008: 646) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 那麼,我們又要如何從酷兒地理學的觀點來理解</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">及該性化的空間對參與其中的夜店客們的性/別身份所造成的影響?由於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">被認知為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">妹的音樂文化,因此</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">這間夜店便被視為一間「妹妹店」。這樣的認知使得某些常常出入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的夜店客,在台北地區中以同志消費空間為基礎所劃分的社群中,被歸類為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">幫。在我的田野調查中,有些夜店客提及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">幫和東區幫的分類。所謂的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">幫,指的是常常出沒在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">以及西門紅樓的男同志,而東區幫則是指常到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Abrazo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">以及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Park</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">等酒吧消費的男同志。這種分類的依據其實是出入空間的格調與客群類型的差異。對他們來說,東區幫比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">幫還要高級、有格調。在他們平常的玩笑話中,如果有人被歸類為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">幫的,便意謂著其在同志身份的類型上是屬於比較低劣的款式。有趣的是,就實際的地理位置而言,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">其實位於東區,但因為受到其音樂文化及連帶的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">妹性/別符碼的影響所致,該店便被劃分在地理的東區之外,並同時具有對出入其中的夜店客們賦予不同價值位階的作用,進而成為這些夜店客們性/別身份的一部分。從這個地方與性/別身份相互建構的觀點來看,我們也可以看到這個空間文化生產出具異質性且有不同位階價值意義的同性戀性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 關於「低劣款式」的特徵值得多做描述和說明,但行文至此我也已經清楚交代我試圖說明的地理與性/別身份相互建構的觀點。值得在此特別說明的是,從這篇文章一開始到現在,我花了比較多的篇幅敘述</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">妹在性階序上的貶抑處境,但實際上在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">這個音樂文化中所呈現出來的認同狀態,遠比上述所說的複雜得多。例如,過去台灣男同志有一段被認為是娘娘腔的文化歷史,娘娘腔早已在歷史的過程中成為男同志身份認同的一部份,但由於娘娘腔具有負面意涵,因此許多男同志對娘娘腔認同的態度便顯得相當曖昧。這一點可以從夜店客們展演謝金燕〈姐姐〉這首歌的經驗中看到。當歌曲來到「叫我姐姐」這句歌詞時,許多夜店客會很開心地跟著一起大唱「叫我姐姐」,但這並非意謂他們說他們都是姐姐,而是與男同志過去被視為娘娘腔的歷史相呼應(進而生愉悅),並透過唱跳以融入現場氛圍的認同行動。顯然的,他們的這種認同並非真的自認為姐姐。更何況所謂姐姐這樣具有霸氣的身份與</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">妹這樣被認為嬌弱的形象,她們背後所指涉的女性形象差異所可能導致的不同的認同效果,也是必須要注意到的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">小結</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 礙於篇幅限制,否則我應再交代地理學中究竟有何理論工具可用來說明舞曲音樂與性/別身份建構之間的關係。不過寫到這裡,我想我也已經清楚地說明了地理與性/別研究的關係,及其視角對相關議題的貢獻,尤其是地理對性/別身份的形成過程佔有不可忽略的重要地位。在這個層面上,我認為,地理學之所以對</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的研究有意義,或者說某個研究何以能夠算是地理研究的這個問題,其重點並不在於該研究處理的究竟是不是一個地理議題,畢竟所有的議題都可以是地理議題,像是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。真正的重點在於地理學如何作為一種有用的分析觀點,幫助我們把一個現象以及做田野過程中所蒐集到的資料給闡述清楚。正是在這一點上,地理學才是有意義的。也因為如此,我在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">裡做田野研究</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">也才是有意義的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">後記</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">正如我在結論所說的,礙於篇幅限制,有些理應再多做說明的部份沒辦法多說。為了補足這個限制,我另寫一篇與本文題旨相同但在概念闡述上比較複雜的文章,發表在我個人的部落格《文化與地理的關鍵性交會》上。對地理學的概念如酷兒地理學、音樂展演以及非再現理論等有興趣的讀者,可前往瀏覽。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">參考資料</span></b><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Butler,
J. (1990). <i>Gender trouble: feminism and
the subversion of identity</i>. New York: Routledge.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hubbard,
P. (2008). Here, there, everywhere: the ubiquitous geographies of
heteronoemativity. <i>Geography Compass, 2/3</i>,
640-658.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Johnston,
L. and Longhurst, R. (2010). <i>Space,
place, and sex: geographies of sexualities</i>. Lanham: Rowman &
Littlefield.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rose,
G. (1993). <i>Feminism and geography: the
limits of geographical knowledge</i>. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Stokes, M. (1994). Introduction:
ethnicity, identity and music. In M. Stokes (Ed.), <i>Ethnicity, identity and music: the musical construction of place</i>
(pp. 1-27). Oxford: BERG.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Michael
Scott Robinson</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2012.2.10</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G*star Taipei Gay Club
Choreographed Dancing</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e6jkuUANNc</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2015.2.20</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Piopi</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2010.7.6</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。康熙來了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> 2010-07-05 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">彩虹時代上全台另類舞蹈大集合。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wD2Q5iki4gM</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2015.2.20</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">亞洲同志旅遊網(無日期)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://gaytravel.tw/travel/detail/g_star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2015.2.20</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">國立中央大學「性/別研究室」(無日期)。國立中央大學「性/別研究室」簡介。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://sex.ncu.edu.tw/history
</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2014.11.27</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/1040221%20%E7%95%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%94%9F%E9%81%87%E4%B8%8AG%20Star%E7%9A%84Asia%20Pop.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">關於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的現場狀況,可以點擊以下連結觀看</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e6jkuUANNc<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/1040221%20%E7%95%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%94%9F%E9%81%87%E4%B8%8AG%20Star%E7%9A%84Asia%20Pop.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">少女時代</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (Girls’ Generation) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是韓國</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">SM</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">娛樂有限公司於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2007</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年推出的女子團體。少女時代可以說是韓流音樂的指標性團體。其多首作品均在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">受到歡迎,例如〈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gee</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〉、〈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Boys</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〉以及〈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sexy Love</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〉等,已具有相當的歷史地位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/1040221%20%E7%95%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%94%9F%E9%81%87%E4%B8%8AG%20Star%E7%9A%84Asia%20Pop.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> T-ara</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是韓國</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Core Contents Media</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">旗下的女子團體,成立於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2009</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年。該團於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2011</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年推出的作品《</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">John Travolta Wannabe</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">》中的〈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Roly-Poly</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〉在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">裡廣受歡迎。後來在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2014</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年底與中國的筷子兄弟搭配推出韓文版的〈小蘋果〉,也在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">裡颳起唱跳旋風。</span></div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-33510745955711560962015-02-20T08:11:00.003-08:002015-02-23T04:34:17.985-08:00當地理研究生遇上G Star的Asia Pop(複雜版)<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; line-height: 150%;">這篇文章部份內容改寫自我甫通過口試的碩論初稿。由於我試圖在這篇文章中說明我如何用地理學的概念來分析夜店文化,因此不可避免地需要引用研究文獻來鋪陳概念。也因為這些文獻來自酷兒地理學以及非再現理論的脈絡,因此這篇文章會出現一些比較少在台灣看到的概念。為了避免理論怪獸造成讀者們閱讀上的障礙並降低對我的研究問題的興趣,我盡力以比較白話的方式來引介概念,且刻意淡化部份行文應有的思辨過程。希望透過這樣的方式,我能夠讓閱讀這篇文章的朋友們比較輕易地瞭解地理學究竟有何思想資源能用來處理夜店的音樂與性/別文化議題。</span><br />
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<b style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這跟地理有什麼關係?</span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 當主編萬宗綸邀我把剛完成的碩論寫成一篇短文投稿《地理眼》的時候,我直覺得這是一個艱鉅的挑戰,畢竟千頭萬緒實在難以用隻字片語一文道盡。在我收到邀請的隔天,我與其中一位報導人約在師大附近的咖啡店見面,聊聊近況並分享我順利通過口試的喜悅。這位報導人名叫哆啦(圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),是我最主要的報導人阿蛋幫忙引介認識的。哆啦大有來頭,他曾是前幾年台灣最瘋韓流的時候趁勢而起的「彩虹時代」團員之一。我的研究關心的是那些在同志夜店</span><span lang="EN-US">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">中模仿韓流女星跳</span><span lang="EN-US">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">舞進而被視作不可慾望的</span><span lang="EN-US">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">妹(娘娘腔男同志)夜店客,他們在夜店裡展演</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的音樂經驗及「</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">/娘」同性戀性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (homosexualities) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">建構的動態關係。因此,常出入</span><span lang="EN-US">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">並常有機會上台跳舞的哆啦便成為我的研究對象之一。哆啦與我相識已有一段時間,在最近一年中也有過幾次訪談,但直到最近一次見面,他仍舊向我問起我們第一次見面時他曾問過的問題:「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">你到底是念什麼的啊?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」這問題令人傷心,我傷心的是我們都認識這麼久了而他還是不知道我念的是什麼。傷心的同時,我也開始好奇,我在這些知道自己正在被我研究的</span><span lang="EN-US">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">妹們的眼中究竟是什麼?可能是個對奇怪議題感到興趣的研究生?或者是個對</span><span lang="EN-US">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">妹有所偏好的研究生?當然,也可能是個</span><span lang="EN-US">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">妹?不過無論如何,<b>「從事地理研究的研究生」</b>絕對不會是個選項。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvUWP9QKG4Dw2pVKBlbP1bOYPAqTV42MY4x1z30wirEUTu80xKUJYDl-CZv8lWiADtYZXL5litIUd3ZWjP3brTKTX-ppaJZhCK56URk3ixVKYLAiSZSVNNgIwln-rJRQyJu1XabwXptbhI/s1600/%E6%9C%AA%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvUWP9QKG4Dw2pVKBlbP1bOYPAqTV42MY4x1z30wirEUTu80xKUJYDl-CZv8lWiADtYZXL5litIUd3ZWjP3brTKTX-ppaJZhCK56URk3ixVKYLAiSZSVNNgIwln-rJRQyJu1XabwXptbhI/s1600/%E6%9C%AA%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D.png" height="262" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(圖</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)哆啦曾是「彩虹時代」一員,現專職從事舞蹈教學與表演工作。</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif; line-height: 115%;">資料來源:康熙來了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;"> 2010-07-05 </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif; line-height: 115%;">彩虹時代上全台另類舞蹈大集合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wD2Q5iki4gM</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 事實上,不只有哆啦問我念什麼,其他報導人也問過類似的問題,例如:「</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">gay</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在夜店</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">跳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">MV</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">舞和地理有什麼關係?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">當我碰到這類問題的時候,我知道他們心裡應該是在想說我如果是念社會學的研究生的話還比較說得過去。我無數次猜想他們內心小劇場的台詞可能是:「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">嗯?地理學?地理學家不是應該出現在杳無人跡的山林荒地裡的卡其色生物嗎?怎麼會在同志夜店裡看到野生又謎樣的地理學家呢?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」對於這些常常充斥在我耳朵裡嗡嗡嗡叫的疑問,我任憑它們融入當下嘈雜的音樂聲響之中,畢竟在夜店這個要放鬆玩樂的場合裡不適合上地理課,而我想他們可能也只是不知道要和我說什麼便隨口問起了這個問題,並沒有要大聊特聊的意思,而且更重要的是,滿口滔滔何謂地理的研究生可是有被他們當成怪咖的風險,所以我便搪塞了一個煞有其事的簡單回應:「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">因為夜店是個空間,而地理就是一門處理空間的學問,所以我才會在這裡呀!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」當我說出這句話之後,朋友們通常會很配合地表現出恍然大悟的樣子,然後有默契地讓這個問題領便當去。雖然我的回答就飲酒作樂的場合來說蠻得體的,不過卻留下了不小的後遺症,那就是他們根本不知道我這性/別研究到底和地理有什麼關係。這讓我覺得,我好像不是一個盡責的研究生。其實,我心裡很清楚,我給的答案是典型的空間作為一種承載事物的容器觀點。我這麼做是因為這種觀點很好理解,因為如果沒有空間,那我們就不可能存在,但它卻沒辦法說明空間究竟與人們的文化活動之間的關聯性究竟為何,以至於實際的我在他們生活中的面目相當模糊:他們知道我在研究他們,可能還知道我研究的是他們的跳舞經驗,不過卻沒辦法掌握我的發問為何,也不知道我是誰,以及我為什麼在這裡。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 報導人們究竟需不需要掌握研究者的研究發問,這是個相當值得討論的問題,不過我打算讓這個問題擱置在這裡,轉而去思考我因為他們的「記不得」而感到受傷的經驗。我覺得我有必要好好正視這個令人覺得傷心的經驗,因為它是個我在做田野的過程中不斷出現的感受。於是我想,與其在這裡把碩論濃縮改寫成短文,倒不如簡要地回應這個問題:「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我為什麼在這裡?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」這個問題的答案有很多種可能,但如果我們執意地要把它給放在地理學的脈絡中來作答的話,那麼我們可以把這個問題進一步改寫成這樣:「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">地理學如何介入同志夜店的跳舞文化與性/別研究?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我的分析視角:酷兒地理學</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 對於上述問題,我認為我們必須先從一個比較大的脈絡切入,將地理學從事性/別研究的發展狀況給勾勒出來,然後再看看地理學家究竟有什麼樣的理論工具能夠用以探討夜店的性/別議題,藉此回應我的報導人們心中常存的疑惑。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 地理學之所以在台灣很難和性/別文化連想在一起,主要癥結在於台灣地理學界對於性別</span><span lang="EN-US"> (gender) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">與性/別</span><span lang="EN-US"> (sexualities) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">議題相對不重視,再加上台灣社會一般所理解的地理學著眼於對地方的認識,因此我們通常很難把性/別研究與地理學連想在一起,但事實上地理學對於性/別研究的關注至少可以說是從</span><span lang="EN-US">90</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年代就有所發展了。在</span><span lang="EN-US">80</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年代初期,地理學受到女性主義思潮的發展,開始有一群地理學者探討性別議題,力圖揭露空間中隱藏的性別不平等關係。到了</span><span lang="EN-US">90</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年代,有些學者如</span><span lang="EN-US">Gillian Rose (1993) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">甚至對地理學以男性為中心的知識生產狀況提出深刻的批評。於此同時,地理學受到剛開始發展的酷兒理論的影響,尤其是在</span><span lang="EN-US">Judith Butler (1990) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">提出性別操演理論之後,地理學也逐步發展出一支旨在探討性/別議題的次領域「酷兒地理學」,例如檢視空間如何形塑異性戀與同性戀之間的權力關係等。這邊所說的酷兒,不只是指涉對性少數如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">LGBT</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的關懷,更是一種對任何被視為具有本質的性提出質疑的思考視角。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 上面說的性別和性/別其實是兩個相當不同的兩個概念。基本上,前者認為人的性別是根據既有身體的生理性而去建構出來的意識形態,但後者則認為人的生理性本身也是被建構出來的,也就是說性別其實是更廣泛的性的建構的一部份。兩者差異的關鍵在於各自對身體具有的生理性徵在認識論上有不同的理解。在相當程度上,前者認為身體的性徵是與生俱來的本質物,但後者則認為身體乃是一人們藉由重複徵引論述進而確立其本體的建構物,亦即認為身體的性徵本身是社會性的,乃是透過體現的社會實踐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (embodied social practice) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">所構成的建構物。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 酷兒地理學對於女性主義地理學的批評,便是奠基在上述差異之上。這個批評牽涉兩者看待身份政治的視角差異。對女性主義地理學來說,由於性別身份乃是基植於既定的身體基礎,因此其所界定的身份亦是一穩固的建構物;但對於酷兒地裡學來說,由於性/別身份乃是主體藉由體現的社會實踐所形塑的,因此其認知的身份乃是一具有流動可能性的建構物。換句話說,即使主體身作生理男性,但其性別身份不是只有男性的可能而已,還可能是同性戀或雙性戀等型態。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Binne (1997) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">即曾對</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Rose</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">所闡述的性別政治進行批評,認為其著作《女性主義與地理學》雖批判性地檢視了地理學知識生產過程所反映出來的男性與女性之間不對等的權力關係,但其所探討的男性似乎流於本質論的傾向,進而忽略了其中有各種差異存在的可能,例如同性戀</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (p. 226-227) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 酷兒地理學針對人們生活周遭無所不在的性進行討論,並指出地理在促成性的權力關係上佔有重要地位。</span><span lang="EN-US">Johnston & Longhurst
(2010) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在其簡介性/別的地理學研究這個學科次領域時指出:「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">地方與性/別是相互建構的。性/別對於人們的生活以及與空間互動的方式有很深刻的影響。而空間與地方也會影響人們的性/別</span><span lang="EN-US"> (p. 3) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。」舉凡從旅館、</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公園、健身房、百貨公司、紅燈區、夜店、酒吧、海灘乃至於我們的日常居家等,這些地方都涉及了性的建構。例如,有些住宅區相當排斥娼妓文化,便透過行動將娼妓驅逐至到居家空間之外。在這個驅逐的過程中,空間便成為形塑一種好的異性戀性和壞的異性戀性的重要手段。不僅如此,這個過程也說明了一般在性少數研究中被預設為單一且具壓迫性的異性戀性其實也存在著異質性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (Hubbard, 2008: 646) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 我的碩論即取徑於酷兒地理學的觀點來探討</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">及參與其中的夜店客們的性/別身份的建構過程。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這間同志夜店以其</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">聞名(照片</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">是以中、韓文舞曲組成的音樂節目,其中又以女子團體或女歌手的作品為主。當</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">開始播放</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">之後,</span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e6jkuUANNc">有些夜店客便會站到台上去模仿女星跳MV舞</a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。由於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">基本上是一種女舞文化,因此那些在台上模仿女星扭腰擺臀的夜店客們的身體即是藉由實踐而被性化的身體</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (sexed body) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,並進一步被男同志圈認知為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">妹。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">妹踰越了當前圈內認為「男同志應該要有男人樣」的性別規範,所以「她」成了圈內普遍不喜歡的男同志類型。這種展演陰柔氣質的男同志在性別身份上所遭受的批評,同時也牽涉了對其性/別身份的評價,例如一般認為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">妹乃是</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在圈內情慾配置中位處邊緣的性別主體。而</span><span lang="EN-US">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">這間夜店,也因為</span><span lang="EN-US">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">而被視為一間「妹妹店」。這樣的認知使得某些常常出入</span><span lang="EN-US">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的夜店客,在台北地區中以同志消費空間為基礎所劃分的社群中,被歸類為</span><span lang="EN-US">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">幫。在我的田野調查中,有些夜店客提及</span><span lang="EN-US">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">幫和東區幫的分類。他們認為,</span><span lang="EN-US">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">和西門紅樓在客群上的類型是比較像的,而東區一帶如</span><span lang="EN-US">Abrazo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">和</span><span lang="EN-US">Park</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">等酒吧的客群屬另一種類型。對他們來說,東區幫比</span><span lang="EN-US">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">幫還要高級、有格調。在他們平常的玩笑話中,如果有人被歸類為</span><span lang="EN-US">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">幫的,便意謂著其在同志身份的類型上是屬於比較低劣的款式。有趣的是,就實際的地理位置而言,</span><span lang="EN-US">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">其實位於東區,但因為受到男同志的性/別身份建構的影響所致,該店便被劃分在地理的東區之外,並同時具有對出入其中的夜店客們賦予性階序意涵的作用。也就是說,這些夜店客的性/別身份的生成乃是藉由空間的(再)生產所中介的,並且從中再生產出具異質性的不同位階意涵的同性戀性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQzIAZFpv2dqIoiumDNUMTnmCRP8bt9Prx0-eWY9DFrtU1qz1rs9dcS9Oj0iPD357DoS70lmoR_qMR05p3VyZi_6zi2RctxtImRfSMKBqPRHBEcyB1VuAExMpiI8GTDIvnGUIayG5BM56r/s1600/IMG_0963.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQzIAZFpv2dqIoiumDNUMTnmCRP8bt9Prx0-eWY9DFrtU1qz1rs9dcS9Oj0iPD357DoS70lmoR_qMR05p3VyZi_6zi2RctxtImRfSMKBqPRHBEcyB1VuAExMpiI8GTDIvnGUIayG5BM56r/s1600/IMG_0963.JPG" height="300" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(照片</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="EN-US">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的</span><span lang="EN-US">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">實況(攝於</span><span lang="EN-US">2012</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年秋天)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">我的理論工具:非再現理論</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 透過剛剛的回顧和討論,我們可以知道地理學的確有相關的思想資源可供汲取,不過我們究竟有什麼樣的理論工具可以用來分析夜店客們跳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">舞的音樂經驗與連帶的性/別政治呢?我認為,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Qian Hui Tan (2013) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在探討新加坡(異性戀)夜店的性/別文化所提出的「情感的異性戀性」</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (affective heterosexualities) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">是相當適切的理論工具。由於我的研究場域是同志夜店,因此我把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tan</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的概念轉寫為「情感的同性戀性」</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (affective homosexualities) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。在引介這個概念之前,我必須先簡單交代一下其背後所仰賴的哲學基礎。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 「情感的同性戀性」的哲學基礎是地理學的非再現理論。非再現理論約出現於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1990</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年代中期,由英國地理學者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Nigel Thrift</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">所提出,主要是反省新文化地理學於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">80</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">90</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年代取徑社會建構論以再現分析作為認識世界的方法論所造成的問題。由於再現分析預設了文本外於生活經驗與物質性而存在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (Thrift, 1996: 4) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,且指認文本才是實在的世界,另外也預設了象徵秩序與該秩序如何被實現的特定情境間的分離,傾向認為行動</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (action) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">存在於意識與象徵系統之中,使得行動所基植的身體變成意義銘刻於其上的客體,而不認為行動的意義即湧現於身體、慣習與實踐的過程中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (Anderson & Harrison, 2010: 5) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。為回應上述取徑再現的方法論乃至認識論問題,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Thrift & Dewsbury (2000) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">倡議地理學應以實踐為本體的操演概念作為認識論。非再現理論關注於生活的意義如何在置身於脈絡之實踐技藝、體現行動、情感情緒等過程中非預期地成形,而不是認為總有個最終的意義埋藏於再現中等著被我們發掘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (Lorimer, 2005: 84) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。也就是說,透過實踐,非再現理論關切的是人們一次又一次的行動如何持續性地創造世界,而不是在再現中探索真實的世界究竟為何</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (Thrift, 1997: 126) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。在如此視野下,世界是一個處於事件承接事件中永不止息的流變</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (becoming) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">過程,而不是一個已然完成的閉鎖系統。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 非再現理論的出現,其實與酷兒地理學的發展脈絡有關。非再現理論相當強調實踐觀,其認為事物的本體乃是在實踐的過程中獲得暫時性的確立。這樣的觀點部份啟發自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Judith Butler</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">對於操演</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (performativity) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的討論</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (Binnie, 2007: 31) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。而操演的實踐觀也同樣可以在酷兒地理學中看到。不過我必須要特別提醒的是,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Butler</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">談的操演和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Thrift</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在其非再現理論中所說的操演有概念上的差異,並不能將它們同等而語(可參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Thrift & Dewsbury, 2000</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。至於兩者的差異為何,這必須另文處理,我不再繼續說明。而我也要在這裡特別指出來的是,雖然我提及兩者有脈絡上的連結之處,但這並不構成我取徑非再現理論的必要條件。我之所以取徑非再現理論,最主要的原因是我所研究的對象乃是一音樂活動。受到民族音樂學的啟發,我認為音樂是人們透過實踐所得到的經驗,這樣的經驗包括可以言說以及不能言說的部份。不僅如此,在我做田野的過程中,我還注意到人們從事音樂活動的時候,其身份認同其實是處於流變的狀態。基於以上兩個理由,我認為非再現理論是相當適合用來當作我的理論工具的。而且促成我下這樣判斷的兩個充份條件是,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Thrift</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在發展非再現理論的過程中,便常以舞蹈為例來說明其理論內涵(可參考</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Thrift, 1997</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">);而以音樂為題的文化地理研究也在最近幾年轉向非再現理論,從過去認為音樂乃是對再現(如樂譜和歌詞)進行符號分析的觀點,轉而認為音樂其實是人們藉由身體所體現的經驗的視角</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">(Revill, 2004) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。也就是說,音樂本身內涵了非再現理論得以生成的重要基礎,而該理論又促成了近年地理學對音樂的認識的轉變。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 在非再現理論的視角下,地理學究竟是怎麼認識音樂的?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Smith (2004) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以非再現理論的觀點將音樂概念化為「展演」</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (performance) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。從展演的角度來看,表演者展演音樂所具有的意義,不在於其如何忠實呈現樂譜,而在於現場的表演者與觀眾們如何經驗該展演並從中獲得意義。空間,亦即音樂展演發生之處,也在這個過程中獲得意義。換句話說,無論是參與者或其所置身的空間,其實是沒有所謂本質意涵的,它們是在實做</span><span lang="EN-US"> (doing) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">音樂展演的過程中獲得意義的。另外,由於音樂展演包括了表演者、觀眾與他們所置身的空間,所以</span><span lang="EN-US">Smith</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">認為音樂展演是不同關係所構成的動態網絡,並在展演過程中形成政治(例如音樂展演如何召喚人們與其生活地域的集體記憶作為認同來源)、經濟(例如演奏廳如何安排表演曲目並將其規範化,藉此打造吸引人的音樂商品)與情緒(例如音樂展演如何形塑人們的情緒並促使其行動)的空間,而其中又不可避免地涉及權力的討論。雖然</span><span lang="EN-US">Smith</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">分項說明音樂展演所形塑的空間,但她強調三者之間並非涇渭分明的關係,彼此其實是相互疊合的空間。也就是說,音樂展演當下所生成的空間的意義是多重的。而這些多重的空間將在音樂展演的過程中(再)生產出參與者彼此的關係。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 對地理學來說,展演是很重要的觀點,因為它讓我們注意到某些感覺只在特定的時間和空間中形成,以及時間和空間如何在展演的體現與表述行為中被創造出來</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (Morton, 2005: 664) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。以「音樂展演」來概念化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,有助於我們去理解</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">播放</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">當下所生成的感覺,如何在夜店客們唱歌跳舞體現音樂的過程中形塑了當下的時間(作為熱門時段的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)和空間(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),進一步讓我們瞭解到男同志們參與</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">時,在這樣特定的時空中所形成的一種感覺上的身份認同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 對夜店客們來說,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在夜店中玩音樂所體驗到的感覺是到夜店的消費重點,正如</span><span lang="EN-US">Malbon (1998) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">所言:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">「音樂之所以扮演這樣重要的角色,在於它創造了氛圍,並成為夜店客上門消費的主要原因。不過所謂的氛圍不單由音樂所組成,還包括了與音樂產生互動的人群。而跳舞,則是夜店客回應音樂最為顯見的身體實踐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">…</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是一種體現的表述方式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"> (p.
271) </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。」</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">由於夜店客們登門消費的,相當程度上是由音樂以及透過音樂與人群的互動過程中所形塑的氛圍。夜店客們所消費的氛圍其實是一種感覺。這種感覺不只是來自音樂直接給人們帶來的聽覺經驗,更來自於人們玩音樂的過程中與他人互動所形塑的情感經驗。例如在我的田野調查中,有些夜店客向我提及他們在日常生活中並未對其同志身份有所意識,但當他們參與</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的時候,便會因為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">中的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">舞有很多很娘很騷以及現場與其他同為同志的客人們齊舞的動作,進而覺得跳舞當下的自己「很</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">gay</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 對於上述這樣的音樂經驗,我借用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tan</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">提出的「情感的異性戀性」</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (affective heterosexualities) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">來概念化夜店中的音樂文化與個人的性/別身份建構之間的關係。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tan</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">取徑女性主義與非再現理論,以新加坡地區的(異性戀)夜店所推出的「淑女之夜」</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (Ladies</span><span lang="EN-US">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Night) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">為例,探討情感的異性戀性如何經由夜店裡的燈光、酒精與音樂等設計所驅動、湊組,聚焦分析夜店客們狂歡熱舞時與他人的互動中所形塑的對於自身作為一名異性戀的情感經驗。這種情感是一種總是處於流變的經驗。所謂的情感的異性戀性,指的便是「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">『成為異性戀』</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"> (becoming heterosexual) </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">這種感覺是在舞蹈身體間所傳遞的情感強度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (p. 719) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」。而夜店則是夜店客們展演其情感的異性戀性的空間。值得一提的是,這種空間觀並非把夜店當成是一種容器,彷彿只是把空間定義成事件發生的所在而已。事實上,這個空間對於個人的行動及其性/別身份的建構是有作用的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tan</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在其研究案例中即指出,夜店透過各種空間的安排來促成淑女之夜應有的情感效應,例如環境佈置、酒類飲料的促銷活動以及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">DJ</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">所播放的舞曲音樂等,「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">讓夜店客們的身體在情慾方面可以輕易地去影響他人與被他人影響</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"> (to
affect and be affected) (p. 724) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。換句話說,當我們在探討夜店客的性/別身份的建構時,不能忽略夜店空間所扮演的角色。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 正如我剛剛說的,由於我探討的是同志夜店的音樂文化及夜店客們的同性戀性的建構,因此我把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tan</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的概念轉寫為情感的同性戀性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (affective homosexualities) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,來作為我主要的分析概念。然而,與</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tan</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">對淑女之夜所進行的分析不同的是,我認為「再現」的分析視角在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的相關討論中是非常重要的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tan</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">指出,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">音樂經驗(例如舞蹈)所構成的「情感的異性戀性」是無法透過再現的文化象徵系統來理解的</span> <span lang="EN-US">(p. 719) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。雖然</span><span lang="EN-US">Tan</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">以非再現理論探討人們置身夜店的音樂經驗,試圖補捉人們展演音樂的過程中難以言語的主體感受,相當程度上是對過去文化地理學強調歌詞文本的再現分析的方法論進行反思,但如此一來卻又忽略了文化再現如語言與視覺影像對舞蹈經驗所造成的影響</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040220%20%E4%BD%A0%E7%82%BA%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E5%9C%A8%E9%80%99%E8%A3%A1%EF%BC%9F%E7%95%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%94%9F%E9%81%87%E4%B8%8A%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E5%A4%9C%E5%BA%97G%20Star%E7%9A%84Asia%20Pop.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 我認為,文化再現的分析在</span><span lang="EN-US">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">及其同性戀性的建構的討論中是很重要的。我有三個理由。首先,</span><span lang="EN-US">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在圈內的脈絡中有明確的性/別符碼。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">由於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">裡大多數的舞曲音樂來自女性歌手,再加上其音樂內容常指涉少女情懷般的戀愛情節,其舞蹈也多強調胸部和臀部的曲線動作,當夜店客們登台大跳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">舞、忘我融入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的時候,容易讓人以為他們是具「少女心」因而喜歡聽女歌跳女舞、愛好扮女人的性/別主體。這些在台上跳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">舞的夜店客們容易被貼上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">妹的標籤。</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 再來,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的舞蹈</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是一種與該舞曲音樂的歌詞內容以及</span><span lang="EN-US">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">影像的視覺意象緊密結合的舞蹈類型。以韓流</span><span lang="EN-US">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">舞為例。用一般的舞蹈分類來說,韓流</span><span lang="EN-US">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">舞屬於</span><span lang="EN-US">Free Style</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,也就是融合各類曲風於其中,不過又有明顯的</span><span lang="EN-US">LA Style</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的特色。所謂</span><span lang="EN-US">LA Style</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是指舞蹈的動作與拍點均跟著樂曲中的歌詞安排而定,例如假設有句歌詞是「我想跟你說」,那麼舞蹈動作就會呈現出「我想跟你說」的感覺,該動作的拍點也會落在歌詞上,而不是在樂曲的節奏「</span><span lang="EN-US">1m2m3m4m</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040220%20%E4%BD%A0%E7%82%BA%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E5%9C%A8%E9%80%99%E8%A3%A1%EF%BC%9F%E7%95%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%94%9F%E9%81%87%E4%B8%8A%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E5%A4%9C%E5%BA%97G%20Star%E7%9A%84Asia%20Pop.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">本身。韓流</span><span lang="EN-US">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">舞中有許多動作像</span><span lang="EN-US">LA Style</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">那樣按歌詞意義進行編排,但這些舞步的拍點是落在樂曲本身的節奏上,例如少女時代的〈</span><span lang="EN-US">Mr. Taxi</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">〉,其中副歌按「</span><span lang="EN-US">1m2m3m4m</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」的節奏不斷重複著「</span><span lang="EN-US">Mr. Taxi, Taxi, Taxi…</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」,一個「</span><span lang="EN-US">Taxi</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」意謂著一個全拍「</span><span lang="EN-US">1m</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」,舞者的動作便是模仿計程車司機手握方向盤右轉左轉,然後屁股也跟著「</span><span lang="EN-US">Taxi</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」左晃右晃完成一個全拍(圖</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。因此,韓流</span><span lang="EN-US">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">舞的舞步動作可以說是根據歌詞並配合音樂節奏所設計出來的。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">(圖2)少女時代在其作品〈Mr. Taxi〉中手握方向盤的招牌舞蹈動作</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">資料來源:非QQ香菇頭 http://www.qqxgt.com/tuku/22865.htm</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 最後,也是最重要的一點:</span><span lang="EN-US">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">舞其實是一種模仿文化。夜店客們平時多是透過上網反覆觀看</span><span lang="EN-US">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">學習舞步。有些比較講求舞藝的夜店客還會揣摩歌詞的意境並嘗試在跳舞時把「那種感覺」給表現出來。我的報導人大炳即是一經典案例。由於</span><span lang="EN-US">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">中常聽到的韓文歌大多是描述少女陷入熱戀的心情,因此當大炳在跳這些舞的時候,以少女為主體的歌詞內容便會與他的性/別身份產生共鳴,進而影響其舞步。大炳描述其展演</span><span lang="EN-US">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的經驗時說:</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我看歌詞抓感覺跳舞。現在很多人都把韓國歌翻成中文,我沒事的時候就會拿出來看看,揣摩一下。這些女生的韓國歌常常講的是一種戀愛的啊哥哥快來上我之類的事情,就是期待別人來追我的感覺,所以我跳舞的時候就會有這種情緒在。我常常跳著跳著就會覺得好想要有男人來上我</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast;">(開始一臉陶醉然後摸著自己的胸扭來扭去)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,我就開始很有性慾,屁股的動作就不知不覺變得比較誇張,然後想說該回家去做愛了。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 正是以上這三個理由,我認為我們無法不注意「再現」在男同志們展演</span><span lang="EN-US">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的過程中所發揮的效力來探討其「</span><span lang="EN-US">C</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">/娘」情感的同性戀性的建構。而從剛剛的討論中可以知道,夜店客們展演</span><span lang="EN-US">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的過程中,其性/別身份的感覺形成與再現息息相關。無論是該音樂本身的舞步設計也好,又或者是夜店客們對</span><span lang="EN-US">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">舞的學習方式也好,都是如此。因此,</span><span lang="EN-US">Tan</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">根據非再現理論所提出來的理論概念,我們必須要對其做一點再現分析的補充,方能用以準確呈現 G Star 的夜店客們展演</span><span lang="EN-US">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">及其性/別身份流變的動態。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">小結</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 對於作為夜店的音樂與性/別文化的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,地理學提供了適切的分析視角與理論工具。當我把這些思想資源與田野資料兩相結合後,我發現地理學為我所參與其中的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Asia Pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的故事給清楚地架構出來。在這個層面上,地理學之所以有意義,或者說某個研究何以能夠算是地理研究的這個問題,其重點並不在於該研究處理的究竟是不是一個地理議題,畢竟所有的議題都可以是地理議題。我認為,真正的重點在於地理學如何作為一種有用的觀點,幫助我們把做田野過程中所蒐集到的故事給說清楚。正是在這一點上,地理學是有意義的。也因為如此,我在這裡也才是有意義的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 行文至此,這篇文章也已經來到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">8</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">9000</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">字左右的篇幅。對於一篇要放在《地理眼》的文章來說,算是非常長,長到可能超乎了主編的預期。雖然說文長本來就是我的風格,但我在寫作過程中不斷想起我過去沒能好好在夜店裡回應報導人們的那些問題,如今總算有了比較令人滿意的答案。長久以來因為沒能好好回答問題的缺憾,在此也算是有所補足。我希望報導人們對於我的說明感到很滿意。不過希望歸希望,若依照我這幾年對我的報導人們的瞭解,他們聽了我給的詳細回覆之後,應該會對我大翻白眼,然後笑著說:「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">來來來,喝完這杯再說吧!</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">」</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">參考文獻</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">英文文獻</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Thrift, N.
& Dewsbury, J. D. (2000). Dead geographies </span><span lang="EN-US">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> and how to make them live. <i>Environment and Planning D: Society and
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">影視資料</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Michael Scott
Robinson</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2012.2.10</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">G*star Taipei Gay Club Choreographed
Dancing</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e6jkuUANNc</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2015.2.20</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Piopi</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2010.7.6</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。康熙來了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 2010-07-05 </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彩虹時代上全台另類舞蹈大集合。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wD2Q5iki4gM</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2015.2.20</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">非</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">QQ</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">香菇頭(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2014.10.22</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。少女时代最裸的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">mv</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">是。取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://www.qqxgt.com/tuku/22865.htm</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(瀏覽日期:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2014.11.25</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040220%20%E4%BD%A0%E7%82%BA%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E5%9C%A8%E9%80%99%E8%A3%A1%EF%BC%9F%E7%95%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%94%9F%E9%81%87%E4%B8%8A%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E5%A4%9C%E5%BA%97G%20Star%E7%9A%84Asia%20Pop.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Nash (2000) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">曾對非再現理論所詮釋的舞蹈概念提出批判,認為這個強調身體實踐</span><span lang="EN-US"> (body-practice) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的非再現理論似乎落入「思想</span><span lang="EN-US"> vs. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">行動」與「心</span><span lang="EN-US"> vs. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">身」的二元論。</span><span lang="EN-US">Nash</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">批評,</span><span lang="EN-US">Thrift</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">透過對舞蹈的討論來解釋身體實踐及其過程中所湧現的不可認知性(如情感等)來相對於總是可知曉、可意識的再現分析取徑時,卻忽略了他自己所強調的脈絡是在互動中具主動形塑與被形塑的積極意義,使得他所談論的舞蹈彷彿脫離了文化脈絡如語言與視覺影像的效力而存在,如此一來便令非再現理論拒斥了再現的建構作用,陷入了思想與行動的對立危機。對此,</span><span lang="EN-US">Nash</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">以舞蹈理論與表演研究的文獻為例,說明舞蹈雖是透過身體實踐而具有外溢於可認知性範疇的意義,但同時間舞蹈亦無法脫離語言、美學、文化、政治與經濟脈絡的影響。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E5%BE%85%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0/1040220%20%E4%BD%A0%E7%82%BA%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E5%9C%A8%E9%80%99%E8%A3%A1%EF%BC%9F%E7%95%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%94%9F%E9%81%87%E4%B8%8A%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E5%A4%9C%E5%BA%97G%20Star%E7%9A%84Asia%20Pop.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">所謂的</span><span lang="EN-US">1m2m3m4m</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是舞者們教學舞蹈時用來數拍子的常見用語。數字代表正拍,</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">代表反拍。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-30471919796641128232015-02-05T10:29:00.000-08:002015-03-17T23:07:56.505-07:00夜店田野番外篇 (1) 刻意之必要因為人太健忘,也或許是因為有太多不解而必然選擇以遺忘的方式來求生,所以有些事需要被刻意寫下來。<br />
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 在我這兩三年從事同志夜店的音樂與性/別文化的田野工作的過程中,有許多與我相遇的人的故事,礙於我的研究論述主軸而無法被我涵括進來做更深入的追蹤和討論,但事實上他們在我的研究過程中扮演著相當重要的角色,因為他們讓我有機會看到此路其實別有風景,提醒我不要<b>只</b>專注在男同志們展演「C/娘」的經驗上。如果沒有他們,那我真的會錯過很多親身感受多樣的同志生活的機會。而且更重要的是,如果沒有這些相遇,那麼我可能會以為做研究這件事情就是一股腦地跟著我的研究發問走才是對的。要是我真的一直這樣認為的話,那麼我要迷失多久才能學會做田野的重點之一其實就是<b>讓自己先學會怎麼迷路</b>。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 這當然是一個很後設的自我評價,但我真的慶幸自己與這些人們相遇。這些人,有些是原本計畫內可能涵括進來成為報導人的,有些是與我有類似研究興趣的,而有些則是不知怎麼著就這麼遇上的。在我的記憶中,能成全與這些人的相遇狀況有好多種原因。有些我還記得一清二楚,而有些已經模糊不可細考。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 如果我在這裡把這個做田野的過程拉開一個時間軸來看的話,這些人頻繁地出現在我剛開始做這個研究的時候。越到了後期,可能是因為我找到了自認為的具有代表性的樣本,便越聚焦在某些人的身上,且在寫作時間越嫌緊迫的情況下,更消磨了我再與他人偶遇的熱情。對我來說,這些沒辦法被寫進正文的人們的故事在我的民族誌書寫的過程中,常常是一種矛盾的存在。由於他們沒能被寫進去,便對我最後呈現出來的研究成果本身無用,但他們也正是因為這種無用而更顯得有用,畢竟如果沒有這些被我捨棄的故事,那我又要如何能進一步調整研究發問並找到合適的說故事的人呢?正是在這一點上,我一直沒辦法把這幾些人的身影給忘掉,尤其到了這個研究已有些初步成果的時候更是如此。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 而我之所以想把這些人與我相遇的故事寫下來,最主要是因為我認識到他們的故事是同志生活的某個側面。他們有的與我處在不同的世代,曾經因為同性之愛而被拖進警局毒打的;他們有的與我年紀相仿,與我</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">有同樣的對於未來人生應該何去何從的種種焦慮,以及年過二五之後身體代謝功能逐步下降而同樣為那個鬧獨立的肥肚肚犯愁。他們有的因為性/別氣質與主流社會不容而苦苦找不到合適的工作機會而陷入經濟困境;他們有的是不小心患上了不治之症,每到一定的時間便要吞下藥丸,</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">日日受著我無法理解的身心煎熬。諸如此類等等等。這些人的故事一直在提醒我,我所關心的夜店裡展演「C/娘」的同志生活也不過是某個側面而已,而且這個側面本身便具有高度的異質性,那麼就更不用說那些除卻在我所聚焦的範疇之外的面向了。</span><br />
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<span style="line-height: 150%;"> 正是出自於這種想要把多樣的同志生活給呈現出來的自我期許,我便動筆把之前的田野筆記整理了一番,把這些我記憶中的故事給一個一個摘下來了。雖然說我把這些故事寫下來便在相當程度上好像忠實地呈現了某種同志生活,但如果認為這樣就夠了的話,那麼就又過於欠缺民族誌研究者應該具備的反身性思考。畢竟研究者的書寫是不可能客觀的,而總是涵納了我的觀察、我的理解、我的思考以及我的情感於其中。因此,就這點來說,與其視這些我寫下來的故事為某些人的生活描摹,倒不如說是我與某些人相遇時所產生的親身感知以及返向自我發現自己的經驗反思。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 我不知道我是否做好了心理準備來把這些人與我相遇的故事給寫出來,也不知道我是否做好了準備,把我私密的情感也跟著毫無保留地說出來。不過我相信,這些困惑和疑慮,終將在書寫的過程中找到可能的出口。或許那不是真正的柳暗花明,而只是一些不是那麼清晰的弱小螢光,但至少在我書寫的過程中,我曾經努力地想要去揭露那在記憶裡一直被自己巧妙迴避而又無法真正放下的思緒。如果我真的確實做到這一步,那麼應該是能暫時先放過自己的吧。</span><br />
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這是我的刻意之必要,一種讓我自己確實活著的方式。<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-10764743658297401852015-01-10T09:36:00.000-08:002015-01-11T22:34:38.355-08:00關於物化<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我們常常可以聽到有人用物化</span><span lang="EN-US"> (objectification) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">來指控某人視他人如物一般並以此對待之。這個字常常出現在性的領域中,尤其是在女人因應某種有關於性的目的而被當成工具般使用的時候,例如拍</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">片等。不過,這個字被氾濫使用,似乎只要有女性因應某種目的穿得少一點、裸露一點,例如</span><span lang="EN-US">2010</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年台大水果妹選拔事件等類選美比賽,就可以聽到有人指控該活動物化女性的類似陳述。有關於物化這個概念的使用,例如它的基本定義以及連帶的性/別政治,在網路上並不乏相關討論。直到前一陣子</span><span lang="EN-US"> (2014</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年末</span><span lang="EN-US">) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,<a href="http://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/7344/494473">朱宥勳〈連勝文不小心押了什麼韻?〉</a>一文引起的<a href="https://www.facebook.com/chuck158207/posts/997980370218097">有關於物化的論戰</a>又再次讓這個概念的相關討論浮出檯面。我認為這正是個釐清物化的好機會,尤其是在它越來越被普遍使用的當下更有將其釐清的必要性。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 在開始我所謂的「釐清」之前,我得先說明一些事情。首先,這篇短文基本上是一篇回顧,因此我寫作的重點不在於回應該論戰,即便有評述,那也是為了要帶出對物化一詞的定義與適用範圍的討論。再來,我寫作這篇文章在相當程度上是受到</span><span lang="EN-US">Martha C. Nussbaum
(1995) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">與</span><span lang="EN-US">Lina Papadaki (2010) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的啟發,因此我會用他們對物化的探究(主要是</span><span lang="EN-US">Lina Papadaki</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)來為台灣社會脈絡中有關於該詞的使用增添一些新的思考可能。然後,我寫這篇文章的時候,有個企圖是要讓物化的討論給在地化,但這畢竟是一個至少要以一篇期刊論文或者一本碩論的篇幅才能達到的成效。礙於時間與能力有限,我在這裡只是盡可能地補捉一些片段來突顯該討論的在地特性。我希望這篇文章能為物化在台灣的討論做某程度上的梳理,並在既有的論辯基礎上做一些可能的深化與補充。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 在</span><span lang="EN-US">2014</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年末的台北市長選戰中,連陣營推出了一支以街舞為題的形象廣告,試圖藉此降低其權貴包袱對選戰造成的影響。朱宥勳分析了這支廣告,寫成〈連勝文不小心押了什麼韻?〉一文,透過某種文本分析的方法,批評該廣告對身體影像的補捉有性別上的差異-男體通常有臉,但女體通常是以大腿等部位的特寫作為現身-因而認為該廣告犯了物化女性的毛病。不過朱文對於物化的定義與使用方式引來批評。最主要的批評來自</span><span lang="EN-US">Raphael Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。在摘述</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的批評之前,我們先來看看朱怎麼定義物化。他說,「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">最簡單的閹割版定義是</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」:</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">它忽略人的特殊性,把某人的其中一項特質無限放大,好像這個人除了這個特質就沒有別的東西了。它是一個把『人』變成『東西』的過程,人從此沒有『意志』,只剩下『功能』,是一個被拿來使用的『東西』。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">朱所界定的物化概念,其實是我們近幾年很常見的對物化的認識。有趣的是,當朱在闡述這個概念的時候,他似乎注意到了他所界定的物化有過於簡化的嫌疑,所以一開始便先設下防線,說這是個被閹割後的版本。不過,該界定終究還是受到了批評。</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">對朱所界定的物化概念中「無限放大」與「個人特質」這兩個元素提出挑戰。</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">質疑朱究竟有什麼理由能以提喻(部份代替全部)來論證廣告中的女性被物化,他說:「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">呈現『不那麼個人特質的部份』,例如大腿,反而更容易構成『把某人的一項特質無限放大』,這道理是什麼?</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」這個質疑在問的是:只拍攝大腿來代表女性,究竟跟女性被物化的關係到底是什麼?如果提喻不構成批判的可能,那麼朱文對連陣營廣告中所提出的物化女性的指控,其立論基礎難道是肇因於性別上的差別待遇?如果不只是因為再現上的性別差異的話,那麼我們又要如何理解影像再現所反映的身體部位的階序關係(臉高於腿)作為物化指控得以成立的堅實理由?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的質疑正在挑戰朱對物化的基本陳述,尤其是「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">把某人的其中一項特質無限放大,好像這個人除了這個特質就沒有別的東西了</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」這一句。</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">認為朱的這句話是問題所在,因為影像的提喻修辭不能代表作者把人視作為物、對待為物。如果提喻真的能構成物化這個批判的基礎,那麼就必須要先說明該影像對性別身體的差別再現所根據的階序關係,何以臉能代表人的主體性而大腿卻不行。如果不能說明,卻又以該階序來論證物化,那麼便反映了對於揭露女性被物化一事的偏執。於此,</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在提出他左派版的物化定義,認為「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在使用『物化』時是要批判窄化、扭曲人類生命可能的體制。工人成為資本家的生產工具、女人成為家務勞動的機器</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">……</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">等等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">…</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」的同時,他特別強調物化這個概念的使用必須要納入其他批判座標,例如勞動與性/別等。也因此,我們可以看到</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在這場論戰中不只挑戰了朱對物化的基本定義(例如,</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">認為,若朱根據自己的定義,那麼他應該對所有影像的提喻修辭提出物化的批判),更質疑其用物化這個批判概念時所涉及的性/別意識形態(例如,</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">指出要確切界定連陣營的廣告在性別再現上有朱所說的身體階序上的差別再現是相當困難的一件事情,因此要是在這基礎上說該廣告物化女性而不說它物化男性是站不住腳的)。若我們從</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的論述篇幅來看,我認為我們甚至可以說,</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">其實是藉由性/別政治的討論來挑戰朱所界定的物化概念。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 雖然朱與</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的討論並不只如此,例如他們還討論了個人意圖如何涵納至物化這個批判概念之中,但我行文至今也大概說明了他們對於物化一詞在使用上所牽涉的性/別政治以及連帶的定義問題。事實上,他們之間的討論在相當程度地折射出台灣社會脈絡中在性別派與性/別派之間長存的立場爭辯,但同時間也讓我們有個機會重思物化究竟如何能作為一個有用的批判概念。對於這場論辯,我個人比較贊同</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">提出來的批評與辯護,但同時也認為</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的說法有可再深化之處,例如他指出物化要批判的是人的生命在物化的過程中被窄化和扭曲的體制,這個他所說的「生命被窄化和扭曲」是指什麼?這個部份究竟是如何構成物化這個批判概念的要素?我認為對這部份進行討論是很重要的,因為它不僅是目前社會輿論使用物化這個概念時比較少詳細處理的部份,而且它還涉及了物化這個概念作為一個有效的批判工具的基礎。以下,我將引介</span><span lang="EN-US">Lina Papadaki</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">對物化這個概念的討論,對這場論戰做概念上的補充。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 事實上,對於物化的定義的討論不是什麼新鮮事。</span><span lang="EN-US">Papadaki (2010) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在其〈何謂物化〉一文中梳理了</span><span lang="EN-US">Kant</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US">Catharine MacKinon</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US">Andrea Dworkin</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US">Martha C. Nussbaum</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">等人對於物化的界定。</span><span lang="EN-US">Kant</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US">MacKinon</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">與</span><span lang="EN-US">Dworkin</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">被</span><span lang="EN-US">Papadaki</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">歸為一派,因為</span><span lang="EN-US">MacKinon</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">與</span><span lang="EN-US">Dworkin</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">這兩位女性主義學者對於物化的認識基本上是承襲自</span><span lang="EN-US">Kant</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,而且他們都採取了比較狹隘的定義。</span><span lang="EN-US">Kant</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">認為,物化是指物化者對待他人為物並損及其人性</span><span lang="EN-US"> (humanity) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,也就是損害了個人理性的本質以及理性選擇的能力。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">按照</span><span lang="EN-US">Kant</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的定義來看,物化是一個用來指涉並批判某個負面現象的用字。</span><span lang="EN-US">MacKinon</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">與</span><span lang="EN-US">Dworkin</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">則承襲了</span><span lang="EN-US">Kant</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的界定,藉此用作女性主義的批判工具,探討女性在日常生活中究竟是如何在不平等的性別權力關係中被物化。相對於</span><span lang="EN-US">Kant</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">等人視物化為一負面現象,</span><span lang="EN-US">Nussbaum</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">則認為物化其實有好的一面(例如,物化構成了性行為中的行動者的愉悅感),而且是人際互動中不可或缺的元素。不過,</span><span lang="EN-US">Nussbaum</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">之所以可以提出這樣的論點,主要是因為她所界定的物化在定義上是比較寬鬆的。</span><span lang="EN-US">Nussbaum</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">提出了七個常見的涉及物化的定義:</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 39.25pt; margin-right: 18.35pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; mso-para-margin-right: 1.53gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">工具化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"> (instrumentality)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:物化者對待客體為工具,藉此達成目的。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 39.25pt; margin-right: 18.35pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; mso-para-margin-right: 1.53gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">自主權的否定</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"> (denial of autonomy)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:物化者認為客體欠缺自主權並以此對待之。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 39.25pt; margin-right: 18.35pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; mso-para-margin-right: 1.53gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">能動性的欠缺</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"> (inertness)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:物化者認為客體欠缺能動性並以此對待之。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 39.25pt; margin-right: 18.35pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; mso-para-margin-right: 1.53gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">可替代性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"> (fungibility)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:物化者認為客體是可與其他同類型或不同類型之客體替換的。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 39.25pt; margin-right: 18.35pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; mso-para-margin-right: 1.53gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">可破壞性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"> (violability)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:物化者認為客體欠缺完整性,因而能對其破壞等。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 39.25pt; margin-right: 18.35pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; mso-para-margin-right: 1.53gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">所有權</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"> (ownership)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:物化者認為客體是可被擁有物,例如能被買賣等。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 39.25pt; margin-right: 18.35pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; mso-para-margin-right: 1.53gd; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">主體性的否定</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"> (denial of subjectivity)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:物化者認為客體的經驗和感覺不需要被考量。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">從</span><span lang="EN-US">Nussbaum</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">闡述的定義來看,可以說是無處不物化。例如,我們對待小孩子,為了保護他免受傷害進而限制其行動,從而彰顯了否定小孩子的自主權的行為,這個也算是</span><span lang="EN-US">Nussbaum</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">說的物化。又例如,在性行為中,一方把某一方當作是情慾發洩的工具,那麼這也算是物化。由於物化無所不在,因此</span><span lang="EN-US">Nussbaum</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">便能以一些正面甚至是在性行為中感到幸福的案例,來說明物化的多重價值。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Papadaki</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在評述</span><span lang="EN-US">Kant</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">與</span><span lang="EN-US">Nussbaum</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">各自提出之物化版本時指出,</span><span lang="EN-US">Kant</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的版本太過狹隘,但</span><span lang="EN-US">Nussbaum</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的版本又太過寬鬆。前者是因為</span><span lang="EN-US">Kant</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的界定必須有被物化者的人性被損害才算數,但如此一來該界定便可能忽略了一些如被物化者的人性不被全然肯認的狀況,所以</span><span lang="EN-US">Papadaki</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">說</span><span lang="EN-US">Kent</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的定義太狹隘;後者是因為</span><span lang="EN-US">Nussbaum</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的界定不只強調人性受損的負面狀況,還包括了良善面,但如此一來該界定便包山包海進而喪失了批判的力量,所以</span><span lang="EN-US">Papadaki</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">說</span><span lang="EN-US">Nussbaum</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的定義太寬鬆。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 雖然</span><span lang="EN-US">Papadaki</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">不滿意既有的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Kant與Nussbaum的</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">定義,但又在某程度上肯認他們所作的討論,於是她便同時涵納了兩人</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的說法,提出一個「混血」版本。在這個版本裡面,她認為物化應該要是一個具批判效力的概念,但應被批判的狀況,不只是當被物化者的人性受損的時候,應該還要包括被物化者的人性被忽略或不那麼正確地被承認的時候。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Papadaki</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">對物化的定義如下:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">「</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">物化是指視或對待他人為物(以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">Nussbaum</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">提出的七種方式),並在此過程中造成他人的人性被否定的狀況,例如其人性被忽視、不正確地承認甚或是被危害的時候。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">」</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">從</span><span lang="EN-US">Papadaki</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">所作的界定來看,她為了讓物化這個概念具有批判性,因此強調其負面性,但這個負面性又不僅侷限於</span><span lang="EN-US">Kant</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的嚴格版本,而是擴及了其他危及人性的狀況,例如遭物化者忽略等。事實上,</span><span lang="EN-US">Papadaki</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">還在這個定義下往下細分了不同類型的物化,其中包括了「受損與非受損」以及「有意圖與非意圖」等。不過,無論是被物化者的人性有無受損,以及物化者究竟是有無意圖,她的基本原則是當被物化者的人性被忽略、不正確地認識乃至受損諸如此類之負面狀況發生時,便構成了應被批判的物化現象。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 從</span><span lang="EN-US">Papadaki</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的界定可知,物化如何作為一個有效的批判概念,其中一個很重要的關鍵在於它對被物化者的負面影響。從</span><span lang="EN-US">Papadaki</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">所耙梳的</span><span lang="EN-US">Kant</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">以及</span><span lang="EN-US">Nussbaum</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">乃至</span><span lang="EN-US">Papadaki</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">本人的倡議來看,我們可以知道這個所謂的負面影響其實有程度上的差異。要如何在這個程度上的差異作出取捨並用作明確的定義,影響了物化這個概念如何作為一個有效的批判概念。如果我們在這裡回到朱與</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的論辯,我們可以發現這樣的討論缺席了。我這樣說的重點不在於批評朱與</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的缺失,畢竟他們的論戰有其爭辯主軸,但即便該論戰中雙方都提出了各自對物化的定義以及在應用層面上的政治問題,我們卻還是不知道人被當成物來看待究竟會產生什麼樣的問題,以及這樣的問題為什麼是值得細究和批判的,例如朱藉由文本分析所批判的連陣營</span><span lang="EN-US">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的物化女性現象。我認為,我們必須要對這兩項問題作出釐清,才能進一步令涵納了其他向度的批判變得更加具體。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 如果我們能肯認上述我想補充的討論,那麼接下來我們馬上會遇到的問題是:「要如何認定物化對被物化者的人性造成了什麼樣的負面影響?」這是一個很重要的問題。因為這個問題如果沒有在批判時被涵納進來思考,那麼我們便很容易把所有的物化視作為都應該要批判的物化。如此一來,物化這個字便可能會喪失批判的力量,甚至還會在不被謹慎使用的循環中造成人們認知上的偏見與誤會,例如認為某些身份的人特別容易被物化,或把所有的物化都當作是負面的現象來處理等等。如果我們從這個應被討論的問題的缺席來看朱文,我會認為朱文受</span><span lang="EN-US">Kuo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">挑戰的地方,其實是一個方法論上面的爭辯,該爭辯涉及了我剛剛說的在技術上如何界定該現象具負面意義以及什麼樣的負面意義的問題。朱用的是某種強調作者意圖的文本分析方法來探討連陣營的</span><span lang="EN-US">MV</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,但我們要怎麼用這種分析方法來合理地宣稱其中的物化現象,以及應該被批判的問題呢?如果我們有其他方法來處理文本的物化現象,那麼那個方法可能是什麼?這是另一個值得再思索的問題了。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 在物化一詞被氾濫使用的當下,我覺得好好地去想想我們平常所使用的物化這個概念究竟意指為何是個重要的工作。我其實也是基於這個理由而寫作這篇文章。透過對與物化相關的概念爭辯的整理和思考,我相信這是讓物化得以維持其批判力量的首要工作,同時也是不二法門。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">後記</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我寫作這篇文章的時候,真正閱讀過的文獻是</span><span lang="EN-US">Martha C. Nussbaum</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">與</span><span lang="EN-US">Lina Papadaki</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的文章。關於</span><span lang="EN-US">Kant</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">等人對於物化的概念,我主要是透過</span><span lang="EN-US">Papadaki</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的文章獲知的。若有任何翻譯、引述與討論上的問題,煩請不吝指教。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">參考文獻</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Nussbaum,
M. C. (1995). Objectification. <i>Philosophy
& Public Affairs</i>, 24(4), 249-291.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Papadaki,
L. (2010). What is objectification?. </span><i style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Journal
of Moral Philosophy</i><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, 7, 16-36.</span><br />
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<b style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">推薦閱讀</b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Teunis, N. (2007). Sexual objectification and the construction of whiteness in the gay male community. </span><i style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Culture, Health & Sexuality</i><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, 9(3), 263-275.</span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-23423213005222598052014-07-21T01:00:00.001-07:002014-12-25T09:46:12.078-08:00C-Mei Shows up: Musical Practices of K-Pop and Re-definition of Gay Identity in Gay Clubs in Taiwan<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0qQHYxpfiJhD-uC1Aj6OnpHRePCb2qVoOlzyTowRRi3hlDk7PacaMkttfNlhyphenhyphenaYzS-dA-JMjBK6d6ri1ee7Rkptc7w3drfk4K3Kq-Hu8AxSDfErIcyNR5MsbMhMJBNtCZkLTSLpxAGQPv/s1600/218530440.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0qQHYxpfiJhD-uC1Aj6OnpHRePCb2qVoOlzyTowRRi3hlDk7PacaMkttfNlhyphenhyphenaYzS-dA-JMjBK6d6ri1ee7Rkptc7w3drfk4K3Kq-Hu8AxSDfErIcyNR5MsbMhMJBNtCZkLTSLpxAGQPv/s1600/218530440.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
Lai Yen Fu. (2014). C-Mei shows up: musical practices of K-Pop and re-definition of gay identity in gay clubs in Taiwan. 7th East Asian Regional Conference in Alternative Geography, presentation notes.<br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"> Western gay-rights
movements have impacted gay lives in Asia, especially the definition of gay
identity. In the 1990s, Taiwan gay-rights movements followed the example of
West and advocated that gay man is a normal man who happens to have different
sexual orientation from heterosexual men. Nominally, the advocacy of the normal
man seems gender-neutral, but it actually involves social gendering processes.
As Sedgwick says, in order to interrupt the long tradition of viewing gender
and sexuality as continuous and collapsible categories (a tradition of assuming
that anyone, male or female, who desires a man must by definition be feminine),
effeminophobia is needed to interpret the concept that male desires male. In
Taiwan social context, this definition of gay identity also helps gay people
erase the stigma of sissy constructed by psychological discourse. “I am gay
therefore I like man but not woman with a dick” is a common discourse of
self-expression in Taiwan gay community. However, this definition causes gay
community to look up to masculinity as the standard and to marginalize sissy
gay men. In recent years, many researchers criticize the cultural phenomenon
and point out it is gay community that colonizes itself by copying heterosexual
society’s ideology in which man is superior to woman. These researchers raise
an important criticism, but at the same time, they perform and consolidate the
same power structure in which masculinity is superior to femininity in gay
community. Because these researchers do not go a step further to question the
positive causal relationship between gay identity and gender performance; they
narrow our understanding about the culture of Taiwan gay identity.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"> Taiwan gay community’s
gender performance is very complicated. I find that the prime time “Asia Pop”
of G Star, a famous gay club in Taipei, a good example to present and
illustrate the complexity of performing gender culture. What is G Star’s “Asia
Pop”? “</span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e6jkuUANNc" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;">Asia Pop</a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;">” refers to a cultural spectacle which is regarded as a prime
program in G Star and is composed of Korean, Japanese and Taiwan female pop
music, such as Korean pop music (K-pop) by </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_gfD3nvh-8">Girls’ Generation</a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;">, </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Xolk2cFzlo" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;">T-ara</a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;">, </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMqL1iWfku4" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;">CrayonPop</a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;">, </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pj3q0ZChgFE" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;">Sister</a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;">, and so on. In my analysis, I conceptualize “Asia Pop” as a
cultural landscape composed of dancing bodies with K-pop in G Star. When DJs
play Asia Pop, many gay customers step onto the stage and imitate female stars’
dancing steps in music videos. Their dancing skills are so good, even better
and more feminine than female stars’. Because K-pop’s MV dances are highly
feminine, gay men who participate in the dance movement are considered sissy
gay men, called C-Mei in Chinese. The “C-Mei landscape” organized by Asia Pop
in G Star is popular with local gay community and foreign tourists. Obviously,
the landscape does not fit in the common description of gay community’s gender
performance. Regarding the “C-Mei landscape,” I wonder how gay people recognize
their identity, how they do gender through participating in Asia Pop, and why G
Star arranges such a feminine performance as its prime program. In order to
answer these questions, I adopt ethnography approaches to analyze “C-Mei
landscape” organized by Asia Pop in G Star.</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"> In my field work, MV
dance is a kind of body technology of self-realization for many C-Meis. My key
informants recognize their gay identities as “sexual inversion.” Sexual
inversion indicates that a man has a male body but a female soul. Many gay men
think that they have the so called “girl spirit” (</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;">少女心</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"> in Chinese) . When
they participate in Asia Pop and dance happily on the stage, they comfortably
perform their “girl spirit” which is usually oppressed in public spaces. Asia
Pop not only opens up a space for C-Meis to act like girls and realize their
feminine identity, but also makes other people regard them as C-Meis. The club
is a place for flirtation and opportunities to do one-night-stand. To refine
that slightly, sexual desire is a clubbing constant. In Taiwan’s gay club
context, C-Mei is usually considered an undesirable subject who has less chance
to have sex with other customers, because gay people look up to masculinity as
the standard in recent years. Some of my key informants are afraid of being labeled
as C-Mei, so they avoid dancing in Asia Pop program. For other customers, these
dancing C-Meis are undesirable in terms of sex, but they are considered to do
dancing exhibitions like shows. Some informants tell me, because their dance is
regarded as a show to entertain other customers, their “girl spirit” seems
unreal. To put it in those terms, Asia Pop is an ambivalent and contested
space: on one hand, it offers the participants their C-Mei identities and makes
them undesirable in club context, but on the other hand, it is also a kind of
show that blurs the reality of the participants’ “girl spirit.” Asia Pop opens
up a space for C-Meis to perform “girl spirit,” but there is a controversial
question: why does C-Mei show up only through the image of a clownish role?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"> In gay community, Asia
Pop is a kind of alternative drag culture. Asia Pop’s music videos present
heterosexual desire through which young girls pay court to handsome boys. Thus,
gay men who follow MV dance steps and perform their ‘girl spirit’ imitate
heterosexual mechanism through Asia Pop. In her gender performativity theory,
Judith Butler finds drag culture a good example to elaborate that
heterosexuality is an illusion naturalized as real, and she mocks the arbitrary
distinction between maleness and femaleness. She takes drag culture as an
example to argue that gender is mimicry. In my field work, Asia Pop as an
alternative drag culture is not so radical as what Butler argues. For my
informants, Asia Pop helps them realize their “girl spirit” even just in a
contingent moment. When they participate in Asia Pop and dance, they feel good
about themselves and get comfortable with their performed “girl spirit.”
According to this observation, I think it is worth mentioning that C-Mei
provides alternative definitions about being a gay man in Taiwan. Gay identity
defined by sexual orientation forcibly produces a distinction between
heterosexuality and homosexuality. This definition makes us think that
homosexuality is a species which could be defined clearly. In fact, it is not.
Just like what my field work presents, my informants recognize their gay
identity from the concept of “sexual inversion,” which assumes all sexual
desire is basically heterosexual. So, is there a real clear distinction between
heterosexuality and homosexuality? In what sense are they different from each
other?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"> C-Mei landscape
constructed by Asia Pop is not only a gender performance issue, but also a
commercial management issue since G Star is a commercial space. For club
managers, how to create great atmosphere is an important issue. What customers
consume is mostly the atmosphere in the club. The qualities of music and
customers are two major components of the so-called great atmosphere.
Nevertheless, these two key elements are not separate from each other but
relational. As I have mentioned, sexual desire is a clubbing constant, so the
manager has to consider how to keep desirable types of customers, such as
masculine men with short hair, great muscle, and so on. Music plays an
important role to govern the quality of customers in clubs. Take G Star for an
example. Asia Pop is usually considered C-Mei’s music, so some gay clubs avoid
playing Asia Pop to attract sissy gay customers. It is the ideological
connection between Asia Pop and the specific identity of C-Mei that is found in
the low level of sexual hierarchy which makes music a managerial technology of
gay clubs. Interestingly, why does G Star arrange such a sexually undesirable
program to be their prime time show?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"> For G Star, operating
Asia Pop as the prime time program is not accidental. According to my field
work, Asia Pop is not only a drag culture but also a tactical governance of
drug use. In gay community, house music, a genre of electronic music, is regarded
as an authentic gay music. House music is a kind of electronic music which has
powerful tempos and repeats sentences all over a song. Many gay clubs in Taiwan
take house music as the principle music, such as <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99-aAI7eh-E">Jump</a>, which is well-known for
its outstanding house music. In contrast to Jump, G Star particularly plays
Asia Pop during its prime time. Why does G Star arrange its prime program in
this way? Actually, G Star plays Asia Pop to help avoid drug-use problems in
clubs.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"> Taking drugs is an
important way of musiking for house music. Because drugs enlarge people’s sense
of listening, they make people blend into house music and gain huge pleasure.
However, if G Star plays house music during its prime time, it must face lots
of drug-use related problems such as order control, police inspection, and so
on. For G Star, drug-use brings so much trouble that house music is avoided.
Therefore, G Star creates the landscape of Asia Pop to govern drug issues. In
sum, Asia Pop not only involves contested definitions of gay identity but also
reflects political economy of club culture.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 27pt;"> I have briefly put
forward some arguments about C-Mei landscape shaped by Asia Pop in G Star.
Through this cultural landscape, I reveal the complicated meanings of
performance of gay identity in Taiwan: C-Mei landscape not only has the
potential to re-define Taiwan gay identity, but also helps us discuss more
about night-time economic issues like club management and its cultural
governance.</span><br />
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<span style="line-height: 18.399999618530273px;"><b><u>Acknowledgement</u></b></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 18.399999618530273px;">Million thanks for Tim Deng's and Tsung-yi Michelle Huang's help.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-7117556816010963852014-07-04T05:28:00.003-07:002015-01-08T09:11:30.797-08:00「內地」的地理<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">身為〈從人口政策到排他論述:內地孕婦赴港分娩與出生公民權的文化政治〉的作者之一,我想來回應一下張針對研究對象的命名所提出的批評(2014年7月4日)。事實上,在我參與該研究與書寫的過程中,這已經不是第一次遇到這個問題。曾有好友問我,為什麼要叫這些中國孕婦為內地孕婦。我知道他這個問題的真正意思,他是要提醒我台灣和中國實乃一邊一國,稱中國為大陸或內地實在是有自我矮化或被中國收編的嫌疑。他聽了我的解釋後,才明白地和我說了他的擔憂,但由於我給的說法其實不在他擔憂的範疇裡,因此他的問題也就不存在了。不過張不一樣,雖然和我好友一樣都沒看過文章,但張卻帶點玩笑地對這篇文章提出以「內地」稱中國孕婦不甚恰當的批評,而非提問。看在我的眼裡,這其實是扣了一頂帽子。身為作者,也身為張試圖提問的對象(也就是「地理家們」)之一,與其站在一個作者回應讀者的角度來看待這個批評,倒不如把這個批評給問題化,或許更有意義。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> 張的批評突顯了研究者命名跨地域研究之事件對象如何方能適切的重要問題,不過這個問題本身也反映了中港台之間的地緣政治議題。事實上,這篇文章不能不叫〈內地孕婦〉,因為在香港社會的情境中,多稱台灣所謂的中國人為內地人或大陸人。報章媒體如此,連香港城邦自治運動中被奉為本土派國師的陳雲在其著作中也多是採用這樣的稱呼,因此內地這個字在操演的意義上遂成了區別一國兩制下香港自我與中國他者的主體邊界。若不用「內地」這個字,那麼最好的替代方案恐怕是「大陸」,且絕對不會是台灣情境中為了標榜主體性而稱之「中國」。為什麼不會是以中國來稱呼?我以陳雲的著作為例做簡單說明。他在《香港城邦論》中建立某種激進的右翼港獨理論,這個獨立是在一國兩制下確保香港做為一個實體城邦的倡議,從而實現港獨。也就是說,香港認受一國兩制的存在,即便是像陳雲這樣具代表性之本土派人物,他所謂的港獨也不是一邊一國,而是要成為一個城邦而存在,要拿回對自己的治權,尤其是在邊界的治理上。雖然說香港的本土派有路線差異也有派別之爭,但從陳雲或者常民語彙中可以知道,「內地」是比「中國」還來得合適的稱呼,這是香港的在地脈絡所致。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 不過對現在的台灣來說,「內地」之所以是個敏感的字彙,兆發於要與中國撇清主權關係的憂慮情緒,尤其在太陽花學運後的這段時間可謂達到高峰,形成了一種講了這個字好像與賣台無異的文字獄氛圍。台灣何去何從是個開放的議題,仍屬未知數,但為什麼要是有人講到了「內地」或「大陸」便要這麼快地被迫承認犯錯並有受人公審感受的社會氛圍中?如果內地或大陸這樣的稱謂所彰顯的意義不過是用來區別當下台灣的主體意涵(進而可能滑動變成判斷誰是賣國賊的指標),那麼在什麼程度上,我們可以認受內地或大陸這樣的用字乃是台灣歷史無法割捨的一部份而無法輕易地將其他者化而割捨,也是現在乃至未來爭辯台獨該如何獨的不可忽略的重要議程?這說來話長,我建議可以參考同期刊登於《台灣社會研究季刊》的趙剛的文章〈風雨台灣的未來:對太陽花運動的觀察和反思〉。雖然我個人不是很同意趙剛的分析,但他的確提供了一個具冷戰縱深的解讀視角,可用來理解現在台灣社會之所以對內地這個字敏感的歷史原因。當然,這個議題還有更多的文章可以參照並促發思考,例如吳介民的《第三種中國想像》(與趙剛在許多論點上大不相同)。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 〈內地孕婦〉於命名研究對象上招致了張的批評,就批評作為一種技藝的層面而言,可以說是一種失準的批評,因為要是真的看了內文(即便只是摘要),我想應該不至於在「內地」兩字上做文章。即便《台灣社會研究季刊》寫的是台灣,但向來在其所刊登的文章上常常不受限於以台灣為研究區的研究成果,且再說為什麼在哪裡發表文章就要以發表的地域脈絡來命名研究對象,而不是以案例所置身的情境來命名呢?如果今天〈內地孕婦〉考量發表情境而把內地孕婦稱作中國孕婦,那麼</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">〈內地孕婦〉所反映的地緣政治,究竟是中港的地緣政治還是中台的地緣政治?</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">雖然我可以理解現在台灣社會看到內地兩字就觸動敏感神經的時勢條件,但我更傾向於把這樣的失準批評給問題化,來思考台灣社會現下何以走到這樣無能分別情況便對內地這類字眼產生巨大過敏反應的地步,也從這樣的思考中去看到香港和台灣對「內地」稱謂有態度上根本差異。這個差異是一個看到台港之間-尤其都在談獨立的問題時-面對「中國因素」時所呈顯出來的政治地景如何與各自與中國的關係史乃至與世界史交織的重要視角。在這個意義上,我寫這些字的重點不是在批評張對文章命名的誤解,我的重點在於把原本張不小心去脈絡地對文章命名所提出之批評給(再)脈絡化後去看到一個地緣政治的問題,留待日後繼續觀察和思考。</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 如果是以張試圖召喚的「地理學家」的身份來回答問題,那麼我也連同以作者的身份做了回應。當然,我說的這個話只不過是我從事研究過程中的個人意見,不與另外兩位共同作者有關。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1. 據說張本人有看過原文。若有,那麼我對我在第一段所寫之沒讀文章一事表示抱歉。不過同時間我也很好奇,既然有看過原文,那麼為何還會冒出這個對於命名的問題?如果文章真如要考慮發表情境而必須置換事件脈絡中之語彙,改成發表地之常用語彙,那麼該篇成果所反映之地緣政治,恐怕不是中港而是中台。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2. 我知道張後來舉了個例子,來回應讀者解讀上的誤會問題,原文如下:</span></span><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">「內地」指哪?!是一個國家主權與認同問題。</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">「外省人」在台灣,是指非土生的台灣人,是1949年後來自中國大陸的移民。可是「外省人」對法國人而言,是指巴黎以外的人(如馬賽等)。</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">那麽法國人來台灣進行「外省人飲食調查」,所有的田調的訪談對象(本省人外省人原住民)都明確説1949年來的外省人嗜辣。法國人依此在法蘭西科學院社會學刊發表〈辣味系譜考:以外省人為例〉,會不會引發誤會呢?</span></i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">我認為,「內地」無法和法國外省這個例子做對照。無論〈內地孕婦〉稱內地或中國孕婦,在台灣的讀者都知道就是從那塊「大陸」上來的孕婦,因此沒有所謂的誤會問題,也就是張所說的法國情境中的外省問題。張之所以認為內地有問題、有引發誤會嫌疑,是因為台灣與中國之間的主權與認同問題所致,也就是說,並不是指不知研究對象為何的問題,如此一來便不是法國外省這個例子所假設的問題了。就這個意義來說,我同意張所謂「內地」是一個國家主權與認同問題,但讀者為何要把別的地方稱呼所謂中國來的孕婦的方式放到自己的社會脈絡來把它問題化?難道在指涉該案例時不能用案例情境來指涉嗎?若都已經看了很久的文章說的是研究台灣的外省人,卻老是理解成法國情境所指稱的外省人,那我會認為這可能是理解力上的問題,要不然就是無謂的擔憂:我們何必必須認為讀者沒辦法依據文章內容來判斷其所指稱的研究對象究竟是誰。這究竟是對讀者的不信任,還是對自己在意識形態上的過意不去?無論是哪一個,我其實都覺得很自以為是。如果是對自己的意識形態上過意不去,那麼我要重提我在第一點提及的擔憂:該篇研究成果若考量發表地的政治正確的意識形態,那麼文章所呈顯之中港關係必然是台灣視角下之中港關係,而不是一個從香港脈絡出發之中港關係。</span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-1759041314290687692014-05-22T08:38:00.001-07:002014-12-25T09:44:45.714-08:00捷客文化與少年殺人事件捷運喋血暴露了台北長久引以為傲的捷運文化光明面下的現代性弔詭。<a href="http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/forum/20140522/402830/">本文刊載於2014年5月22日蘋果日報即時論壇。</a>(後經修改調整後,完整文章如下)<br />
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日前北捷發生少年隨機砍人事件,而這一事件之所以死傷慘重與捷運文化間不無關係。或許有人會說,事件嚴重正是由於捷運空間狹小沒地方跑、正值下班放學時段乘客多且龍山寺與江子翠站間距離遠等物理空間上的因素所造成,但所謂空間並不只是物質條件上的限制,還包括人際互動間所維繫的文化特性。正是這種文化空間中介了這起隨機殺人事件。<br />
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北捷公司戮力打造「捷客」文化,即守秩序且知禮讓座位的現代文明,使得北捷這樣舒適、安全與溫馨的移動空間成為台北地區住戶對外津津樂道的台灣驕傲。由於北捷是台北地區重要的現代化計畫,如此能彰顯文明的運輸文化更成為市民身分認同的重要部分,而市民心中更住著北捷小警總,規訓自我作為以符合捷客標準。不過在講求人際和合的台灣文化脈絡中,這不是說人人都想成為捷客,而比較是說如果成為捷客以外的人,那麼便覺得自身突兀、特立獨行。因此,要求自己維繫捷客文化,不僅是種現代好公民的表現,更是一種對於離經叛道可能遭社會異樣眼光看待的壓力下所做的妥協。<br />
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台北最美的風景是人,但在捷運上,現在少有人留心周遭。在幾乎人人一支智慧型手機的年代中,捷客大多低頭手機漫遊,沉溺自我看臉書聽音樂。雖然人身之間距離很近,但事實上彼此近乎隔絕。這是希望不被他人打擾、享受自由的現代文化表徵,但它的反面正是人群間的疏離和冷漠。如今捷客低頭滑手機更是變得既盲且聾。所謂禮貌守序,說到底令人質疑的是有多少成份被奉為美德而執行,看起來更像是捷客自我隔絕所拉開的人際距離。<br />
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北捷的空間文化就這麼著被維繫著、被習慣著,並被包裝成台北市的現代都市神話,使人以為明亮的北捷空間沒有危機,以為疏離的人際是可以心安的朦朧美,甚至是應大力歌頌的公民素養與文化特色。然而,當少年持刀隨機砍人事件偶發時,北捷上許多人一時間反應未及,難以即時洞察周遭氣氛變化,使傷亡有了擴大機會。我這並不是說乘客滑手機而造成重大傷亡,這彼此之間的因果關係沒那麼絕對也不是那麼單一,但也無法輕易地斷定兩者間沒有關連。我要試圖指出的是,北捷空間的舒適與安全本身並非一種均質的穩定秩序與狀態,而是糾纏著更多都市文化的複雜心理及一地長久以來的社會規約。少年持刀隨機砍人事件令人感到悲憤與不思議,但它同時也暴露了或說引領我們看見台北長久引以為傲的捷運文化光明面下的現代性弔詭。<br />
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-50559615751459478172014-03-20T00:26:00.000-07:002014-12-25T09:44:53.722-08:00穿西裝的暴民<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">服貿究竟是以一個什麼樣的難題的方式困擾著台灣社會?<a href="http://www.thinkingtaiwan.com/articles/view/1856">本文經想想論壇刪改後刊載於2013年3月22日想想論壇。</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> 政府強勢推行服貿協議的黑箱作業,引發民眾群起抗爭。當學生佔領立法院時,卻被政府方冠上暴民之名,說他們侵犯國會等於踐踏全民而備受譴責,但其實宣稱國會這樣的民主空間象徵全民而具有神聖性的說法是虛構的,可以說是一種假惺惺說詞所包裝的反動修辭。這種神聖性的宣稱值得被批判和檢視。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> 國會之所以被冠上神聖之名,意在彰顯它的不可玷汙、不可侵犯性。政府方以國會象徵全民的說法來論證其神聖性,藉以譴責抗議群眾為暴民。透過神聖性的宣稱,佔領立院的抗議群眾被驅逐於「全民」範疇之外,形成擁服貿之於反服貿對等全民之於暴民的對應關係,彷彿全民看待服貿是同聲同調毫無異議,但其實這違背事實。可議的是,政府方視這些「暴民」是綠營動員的結果,重製綠營率眾以暴力奪權的刻板印象,以此譴責綠營是毀壞台灣藉服貿發展大好時機的元凶,因而全民之於暴民又對等於藍營之於綠營的關係。政府方擺出一副民主政治守門人的姿態,藉由譴責暴力、維護國會神聖性的說法,將服貿議題偏狹地簡化為要或不要發展的選擇題,並在議題上操作藍綠對立。如此做法是忽視這場抗爭作為政府與人民討論、協商服貿的可能開始,更傲慢地簡化服貿議題的複雜性,例如其所牽涉的社會正義問題:究竟這樣的區域整合政策對哪些人是有利的?這樣重要的問題並沒有被妥善對待和討論。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> 國會從來都不是一個神聖的地方,它不過是一個立委們代替人民議論政事的普通地方。國會確實是一國實踐民主政治的重要場域,但在此時此刻政府方卻以一個含糊的「全民」身影來建構它的神聖性,用這個神聖性來打壓異己、模糊焦點,並成就自身欲望之事。今日民眾佔領國會的舉動正是消解了這個神聖性的宣稱,透過佔領來回應執政者一黨獨大、一意孤行所產生的政治危機,彰顯國會屬於公民的事實,以作為與代議政治所成就之權貴官商勾結對抗、謀求事情有另一種發展的可能性。佔領國會雖然不是長久之事,也可能是象徵意義大於實質意義,但卻突顯出權力抵抗的偶發性,以及異議如何具體發聲的可能性。值得一提的是,這樣佔領國會表達訴求的同時,似乎也浮現一個政治危機,那就是代議制的崩壞。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> 然而,上述解構國會作為神聖殿堂的說法,並非要去合理化佔領行動的所有作為,而是要去理解服貿究竟是以一個什麼樣的難題的方式困擾著台灣社會。在該場佔領行動及有關爭辯中,台灣面對中國的複雜情緒並沒有被說明清楚。這場佔領行動不只是佔領,還包括好奇地翻箱倒櫃來窺探服貿推手如何與中國有關,但就行動訴求本身,是否需要揪出這層與中國的緊密關係才能用來支持逐條審查的訴求,這是應當被討論的。由於中國因素,今日服貿在台灣容易從程序問題滑動成國族問題,並在中國崛起的時代中緊扣發展問題。這個佔領行動試圖去透明化談判桌下與中國的緊密關係的欲望,很實在地反映出民眾要在區域經濟整合過程中劃分中台你我界線的迫切性,但當這條界線被努力地畫清楚時,卻又容易被理解為「反服貿就是反中,反中就是反發展」的簡化說法。如此一來,反服貿者容易被打為反發展,而擁服貿者則被視作賣台賊,服貿因而成為在經濟發展與身份認同間擺盪的區域整合議題。這是服貿議題因中國因素而在台灣脈絡下形成的特殊問題,並因政府不符民主程序強推政策而衝突加劇。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> 群眾之所以採佔領國會方式表達訴求,乃是政府方所強調的辯論等尋求制度解決的方案根本不被政府自己有誠意地對待,照這樣看來,佔領國會是萬不得已的做法。如果今天政府方只是要扁平地視佔領行動為暴力並持續忽略程序問題與異議之聲,那麼強行擁護服貿過關的政府方也是暴民,只不過穿著西裝而已。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">服貿是一個非常複雜的議題。礙於我的興趣和能力問題,我最多也只能把它做某程度上的脈絡化,去討論它如何困擾著台灣。我並沒有真正地去談論服貿本身的問題,這需要一些地緣政治、經濟發展與貿易理論的背景知識,才比較有辦法真的去觸及這個複雜的兩岸議題。</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-1230307344362327572013-12-13T23:36:00.001-08:002014-12-27T06:57:31.127-08:00同志生活在首爾:一個與台北經驗的對比<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz01OgG2b1soq9-KCcr1xcUSjbm2IptQ4Vt4Qivn_fJCo3Wo3fZVO26qAATjtFVh7Nl_l9ScYxwItT-hOUk2o55jkYCTL5_ZE8_5mio0Tew-AaDH5Yllsqnw9zNKxOIuuv58fx4zFqfV2O/s1600/IMG_7549.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz01OgG2b1soq9-KCcr1xcUSjbm2IptQ4Vt4Qivn_fJCo3Wo3fZVO26qAATjtFVh7Nl_l9ScYxwItT-hOUk2o55jkYCTL5_ZE8_5mio0Tew-AaDH5Yllsqnw9zNKxOIuuv58fx4zFqfV2O/s400/IMG_7549.JPG" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">王策緯、林宜欣、黃開洋、萬宗綸、練聿修、賴彥甫(2013)。期待東亞學派的興起:台大與首爾大地理系交流的學生所見。<b>中國地理學會會刊,47</b>,67-84。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">相較於韓國,身在台灣作為</span><span lang="EN-US">LGBT</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">的一份子,是一件很幸福的事情。(這篇文章是</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">2013年11月30日-12月9日出訪韓國首爾的田野筆記)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> 相較於韓國,身在台灣作為</span><span lang="EN-US">LGBT</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">的一份子,是一件很幸福的事情。在性別平權運動長久耕耘的情況下,台灣社會已對同志這樣的身份不陌生,且對於同志的認識論已不再聚焦於一種「汙穢的性」作為身份指認的方式。當然,仍有許多性別主體與議題需要挑戰、顛覆與關注,許多爭辯如多元成家法案正如火如荼地在台灣展開。畢竟,所謂的幸福,是必須衡量更多元的性別實踐而從來是未能全然企及的終點。然而,此行前往韓國考察同志文化,最讓我印象深刻的,是關於不同地域面臨的性別壓力。以下,我無意於評量首爾與台北的同志生活幸福感受,僅就一些觀察到的現象做對比,並提出可持續探究、比較的問題。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 台灣與韓國共享儒家思想系統,同樣重視家庭價值。不過,相較於台灣,普遍地說,韓國是更為保守的社會。不僅年齡階層嚴明,且強調異性戀作為婚家價值之主體。再加上韓國社會有非常高比例(約莫佔總人口數五分之一)的基督教信仰族群,教會系統發達。因此,相對台灣而言,韓國是</span><span lang="EN-US">LGBT<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E8%B3%B4%E5%BD%A5%E7%94%AB_%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%9C%A8%E9%A6%96%E7%88%BE%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E8%88%87%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8D%E6%AF%94.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">無法輕易現身、出櫃的社會。這些社會壓力,尤其堅固的家庭價值系統,亦深刻地影響著韓國同志運動的現身策略:同志社群難以公開現身地從事運動,而多選擇以「地下化」的方式進行</span><span lang="EN-US"> (Seo, 2001:77) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E8%B3%B4%E5%BD%A5%E7%94%AB_%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%9C%A8%E9%A6%96%E7%88%BE%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E8%88%87%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8D%E6%AF%94.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">LGBT</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在首爾可以說是隱形的(</span><span lang="EN-US">invisible</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。走在首爾街上,不如台北那樣可以輕易地就穿著或打扮來辨識同志,只有在特定的時間和區域如入夜的鍾路或梨泰院等地,能藉由耳環配戴或時髦打扮等隱晦的方式稍加辨別。雖然韓國社會對</span><span lang="EN-US">LGBT</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">族群有不小的壓力,但二十年來,在韓國民主化歷程的脈絡下,以女性主義與同志為主體之性公民、人權運動亦積極開展,無論是以學生為主的性異議社團,又或社群網站</span><span lang="EN-US">BBS</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">等,近幾年來,性別運動較以往蓬勃</span><span lang="EN-US"> (Kim & Cho, 2011) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。然而,乍看逐步開放可能、對</span><span lang="EN-US">LGBT</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">有越來越多討論的韓國社會,有論者如</span><span lang="EN-US">Seo (2011) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">耙梳韓國社會脈絡中對同性性相的認識論的紛雜樣貌,認為正進行中有關於同性戀身份主體的討論定位不明,並不存在相對明確、穩定的同性戀論述,因而韓國的同性戀身份是各式論述殘留造就的寫實描述,如此意味不明的身份主體難以開展為有效的運動能量。因此,雖然韓國社會討論同性戀,但並不代表能樂觀地認為社會進步、對性異議主體良善。</span><span lang="EN-US">Seo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在我前往首爾考察的十年以前提出上述論點,我認為仍適用於現下的韓國社會。如果視衣著打扮為滲透了權力規範的性別展演,那麼首爾街上單調的、明確區隔男女的性別/穿衣打扮樣態(而且只能辨識出男或女這樣以異性戀為基調的二元主體),體現了韓國對性別保守的社會意識。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 台灣社會如</span><span lang="EN-US">90</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年代的美國都會地區,對</span><span lang="EN-US">LGBT</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">態度開放友善。隨之而來的現象是粉紅經濟(</span><span lang="EN-US">pink economy</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)的興起,以同志為主要消費客群的休閒空間逐步成長。例如,近五年來,台北市的同志酒吧(或夜店)在西門町、林森北路、東區一帶發展,甚至產生群聚的現象。西門町甚至被認為已達市場飽和。在首爾,這類消費空間聚集於梨泰院或鍾路等地(照片一)。然而,即便首爾是南韓最大城,且社會已對</span><span lang="EN-US">LGBT</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">有較多的認識,但以</span><span lang="EN-US">LGBT</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">為主的消費空間仍不見明顯的增長,女同志酒吧甚至不到十家,並逐步減少中。首爾這類消費空間之所以短少,與當地</span><span lang="EN-US">LGBT</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">社群的身分認同與空間發展有關。以當前首爾的女同志社群為例,家戶如分租賃居處,亦即台灣稱謂的彩紅宿舍,是比酒吧等消費空間更為重要的社會交際與身分認同的實踐空間。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E8%B3%B4%E5%BD%A5%E7%94%AB_%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%9C%A8%E9%A6%96%E7%88%BE%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E8%88%87%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8D%E6%AF%94.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">因此,</span><span lang="EN-US">LGBT</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">消費空間在首爾的發展狀況,似乎有異於當前美國或台灣社會的經驗。至於更詳細的原因為何,則有待進一步研究。</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9nv_tDa42BbQeo4dmvmXaRme22PhWXPFB9-0UljKk4i8HYeRa5LZu5UiaFlRSSgkTZ6AtlGT9H0nR042IsCJm56JYsLpcVHNb43nIfy8t9q01CiVDlH0YBkRqbqzp0eqOzfctIeIJ57fL/s1600/IMG_7471.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9nv_tDa42BbQeo4dmvmXaRme22PhWXPFB9-0UljKk4i8HYeRa5LZu5UiaFlRSSgkTZ6AtlGT9H0nR042IsCJm56JYsLpcVHNb43nIfy8t9q01CiVDlH0YBkRqbqzp0eqOzfctIeIJ57fL/s320/IMG_7471.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 雖然首爾的同志夜店不如台北發達,但仍然有相當出色的店家,例如位於梨泰院的</span><span lang="EN-US">GRAY</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(照片二)。台北與首爾兩地男同志社群的音樂文化相近,除了夜店中常可聽見的</span><span lang="EN-US">house music</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">之外,</span><span lang="EN-US">Korean pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">都是不可短缺的節目。在台北</span><span lang="EN-US">G Star</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">中,安排</span><span lang="EN-US">K-pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">為熱門時段,並且播放長達一至二小時,但由於</span><span lang="EN-US">K-pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的舞姿在台灣同志社群的性意識脈絡中容易被貼上娘娘腔的刻板標籤,不合於陽剛氣質的追求,因此產生了明確的性政治。然而,在</span><span lang="EN-US">GRAY</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這家夜店中,只播十來分鐘的</span><span lang="EN-US">K-pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,但這十來分鐘熱鬧非凡,像是台灣的男同志在夜店中聽到女神張惠妹的〈三天三夜〉那樣,整場歡騰。跳</span><span lang="EN-US">K-pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的男同志不會被視作娘娘腔,在夜店裡並不像台灣那樣產生明確的性別政治。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E8%B3%B4%E5%BD%A5%E7%94%AB_%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%9C%A8%E9%A6%96%E7%88%BE%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E8%88%87%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8D%E6%AF%94.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">因此,台韓兩地的同志夜店雖然有類似的音樂文化,但</span><span lang="EN-US">K-pop</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在台韓兩地的同志夜店卻有不同的實踐邏輯與呈顯。該現象的地理脈絡值得更進一步比較、探究。</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPbHgzjvOLJiH7Q5wBvnyujGq_ZKED81vLX6X60BK1BbAxh3GnSNDO_7wZTMD-el3aV45pDkHlKYHr9Cr9LYjHPHLj-VcUJAMxeJH550j5XN7yzxKW6R3AvY1AsWM-iqYBTLmpNEs3ctO0/s1600/IMG_7555.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPbHgzjvOLJiH7Q5wBvnyujGq_ZKED81vLX6X60BK1BbAxh3GnSNDO_7wZTMD-el3aV45pDkHlKYHr9Cr9LYjHPHLj-VcUJAMxeJH550j5XN7yzxKW6R3AvY1AsWM-iqYBTLmpNEs3ctO0/s320/IMG_7555.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">照片二 </span><span lang="EN-US">GRAY</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">是首爾最熱鬧的同志夜店</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">小結</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 台韓兩地社會的經濟與民主歷程類似,而性別運動與休閒空間發展亦有諸多相近之處。近年來,台灣同志平權運動與連帶的研究議題,與中國、香港等地連結並開展公共議論。除了上述奠基在同文同種的華人性的比較脈絡之下,此行出訪韓國並簡要且散彈式地比較了台韓兩地社會的同志生活之後,有更多有趣的問題值得思索,例如兩地同志與原生家庭的倫理政治,以及運動策略上的現身思考,又或同志生活與都市消費空間的發展等。我認為,台韓</span><span lang="EN-US">LGBT</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">文化立基於兩地相似之經濟與民主發展歷程的比較研討,不僅能豐富台灣同志研究的視野,且能更廣泛地連結東亞的酷兒經驗。對當前有別於西方、以東亞為主體的性別又或同志議題的發展而言,台韓比較研究的開展,應是相當重要且值得開發的思想工作。</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">參考文獻</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">朱偉誠(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1998</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)。台灣同志運動的後殖民思考:論</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">“</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">現身</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">”</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">問題。<b>台灣社會研究季刊,</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">30</span></b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">35-62</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Seo, D.
(2001) Mapping the vicissitudes of homosexual identities in South Korea. <i>Journal of Homosexuality, 40</i>(3): 65-78.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kim, Y.,
& Hahn, S. (2006). Homosexuality in ancient and modern Korea. <i>Culture, Health & Sexuality, 8</i>(1):
59-65.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kim, H.
K., & Cho, S. P. (2011). The Korean gay and lesbian movement 1993-2008:
from “identity” and “community” to “human rights”. In G. Shin, & P. Chang
(Eds.), <i>South Koran social movements:
from democracy to civil society</i> (pp. 206-223). London and New York:
Routledge.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E8%B3%B4%E5%BD%A5%E7%94%AB_%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%9C%A8%E9%A6%96%E7%88%BE%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E8%88%87%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8D%E6%AF%94.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">事實上,</span><span lang="EN-US">LGBT</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">並非韓國對於同性戀或異於異性戀身份之稱謂。在韓國,若指涉同志,通常稱作</span><span lang="EN-US">homo</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。值得一提的是,</span><span lang="EN-US">gay</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">這個字通常指涉為跨性別者</span><span lang="EN-US">
(Kim & Hahn, 2006) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。為了文章閱讀方便,並預設讀者身處台灣脈絡,故使用</span><span lang="EN-US">LGBT</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一詞指涉性異議身份如同志。</span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/%E8%B3%B4%E5%BD%A5%E7%94%AB_%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%9C%A8%E9%A6%96%E7%88%BE%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E8%88%87%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8D%E6%AF%94.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Seo (2001) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在文章中,對這種隱晦現身從事運動的方式提出基進的批評,認為這種現身策略雖然考量了韓國社會脈絡,而不採取與西方世界相同的大膽現身的運動策略,但有意識地採取隱晦的運動路線似乎有將自身自我東方化之嫌,而忽略韓國社會正經歷的變化情境而允許有更多運動方式的可能性</span><span lang="EN-US"> (</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">頁</span><span lang="EN-US">77) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。此後殖民式的思考,對比台灣經驗,建議可參考朱偉誠(</span><span lang="EN-US">1998</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)。台灣同志運動的後殖民思考:論“現身”問題。台灣社會研究季刊,</span><span lang="EN-US">30</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="EN-US">35-62</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span></div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-69151775548031810832013-11-27T09:00:00.000-08:002015-02-22T01:01:36.680-08:00評紀錄片《看見台灣》:一個地理學的觀點<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif";"> 終於看了《看見台灣》。在台灣,念地理系的人,對齊柏林不會太陌生,這部紀錄片主打的鳥瞰空拍照片更是課堂中常見的教材,所以進電影院前,我已經約略想見這部片會是什麼模樣。不過《看見台灣》仍舊令人感到好奇,鳥瞰空照究竟要如何組織成紀錄片,以訴求人們珍惜台灣之美、永續環境?我的這個提問所關心的是被呈顯在觀眾眼前的影像及其依循的組構邏輯,而不特別著重「沒被看見」的部份,畢竟紀錄片能呈顯的鏡頭很有限,在它的訴求底下,一定有許多影像沒能被涵納進來(當然,為何有些影像沒被涵納,背後的因素是很值得討論的議題),但若要更聚焦地去談紀錄片<b>本身</b>,那麼我會傾向看它究竟如何透過影像和語言系統來組織其敘事。聚焦這種敘事邏輯,會觸及很複雜的再現政治問題,包括不可見性</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif";">(</span><span lang="EN-US">invisibility</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif";">)的討論面向。這部份已經有一篇文章<a href="http://woodlindoc.blogspot.tw/2013/11/blog-post_24.html">〈</a></span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;"><a href="http://woodlindoc.blogspot.tw/2013/11/blog-post_24.html">《看見台灣》,見與不見〉</a>給</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">評得很到位,我就不再班門弄斧贅述一次。我試著說一些與這篇評論不一樣的東西。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 電影一開始便有好幾個無名壯闊美景,令人不禁好奇這位在哪裡,很快的,擔綱</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">旁白的吳念真開場便說,這些美景都取自台灣,人們未曾悉心發現,那是因為我們站得不夠高,因此要觀眾想像自己成為一朵雲或一隻鳥,一起鳥瞰台灣。這種鳥瞰的視角不同於其它台灣以環境為題的紀錄片,它是一種透視的概念,最接近上帝的視角。透過電影的鏡頭與旁白的說詞,觀眾也自然成為上帝。上帝的視角是獨斷的,不需與他人有關,因而視覺經驗可以開展的交互性</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4364291685511470072#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">並不存在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (Berger, 2008: 21) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。這部紀錄片採用這種獨斷的視角撤銷交互性是個問題,不過交互性的不存在不全然來自觀看本身,亦是透過聽覺經驗所中介而成。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 紀錄片所呈顯的視覺效果,亦涵納聽覺經驗。用上帝的視角看台灣是一件事情,但透過文字和說詞來認知這些鳥瞰空拍又是另一件事情。旁白形容土地為孕育萬物生靈的母親(鏡頭帶到土地上生生不息的人們與動植物),但現代社會對土地予取予求卻造成萬劫不復的災難(鏡頭帶到滿是瘡痍的山林與受嚴重汙染的海洋河川,以及高度文明發展的都市景觀),最後則要觀眾為土地著想,以求人與環境共存共榮的永續未來(鏡頭帶到土地上的人們揮手微笑,以及玉山上原住民小朋友齊歌舞、登山客高舉國旗等)。這些鏡頭透過文字敘事而被組織成一套環境論述,這套論述講求情感,要觀者珍惜土地資源、愛護美好家園,以求生生不息。這些論述有簡化議題之嫌(相關批判請見第一段引述之參考文章)。然而,另一重要的問題是,沒有人會反對與環境共存共榮生生不息這類「永續發展」的美好訴求,畢竟誰會反對環境保護兼具文明發展的目標呢?因而,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">《看見台灣》</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">透過鏡頭讓觀者成為上帝,同時又透過旁白讓觀者成為難以反對其論述的視聽者。如此一來,這部紀錄片獨斷了影像的詮釋,沒什麼可開展議論的空間,比較像是宣教。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 除此之外,這部片影像與旁白的搭配,亦清楚地區劃了人地關係為一裁切整齊的主客關係。旁白組織影像並賦予其意義,但細究這部紀錄片的旁白內容卻簡單地視人為文化而環境則歸屬自然。有句旁白大意說,要在文明開發和環境保護之間取得平衡似乎總有矛盾衝突。這種矛盾與衝突的永遠確立,意謂這部片在人地關係的認識論上,仍視文化與自然為對立的概念組。這種對立在這部片訴求「永續發展」的同時,使人與地成為分離的主客體關係:自然是一種物的、資源的概念,服膺人們(文化)的需求而存在。在這種看待人地關係的邏輯之下,我們也就不難理解,為何《看見台灣》強調人們應克制「發展」的慾望(另一面就是要珍惜環境資源)以達成永續環境的目標。然而,如果重思人地關係-或說文化與自然的關係-能展開新的環境政策方針,那麼我們又要如何展開思考、討論與行動,而有「克制慾望」之外的應對方案?換句話說,除了呼籲大家愛惜資源這類老生常談的論述之外,我們還可以在這以環境為題之紀錄片,看到什麼更多樣的思考可能?它對人或對環境,有提出新的思考方式嗎?我認為這部份是貧乏的。(雖然這部片在結尾時提供了苗栗後龍與宜蘭自然農法的案例,但篇幅少,目的僅在突顯另類行動的開展。但同時這個舉例牽扯了另外一個問題:由於這部影像歸環境問題於個人的意念與行動,所以在具體行動的案例上著眼個人發起的運動,雖然我認為這些行動者很重要,但影像卻忽略結構性問題如政府與企業的社會責任等,如此看待問題的視角是很可議的。)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 以上,是我聚焦地理學關切的面向,對《看見台灣》所做的簡要討論和提問。若跟著導演的思維去走,</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">上述評論或許對《看見台灣》來說是嚴苛了一點,畢竟現在很多人都做不到影片中強調的珍惜資源這件事情(包括我),但如果紀錄片的某種社會積極性是開展思考與行動,那麼對《看見台灣》提出不同觀點的解讀與評價(最好還有討論),便是一件很重要的事情。雖然秉持著雞蛋裡挑骨頭的精神,我們還可以針對許多細節再另闢討論,包括對鳥瞰視角的再思考等,可以想見這是個綿延增生的議論空間,但就很簡單很直觀的意義上,如果這部片所呈顯的那些環境老問題,可以透過這次的曝光而再度被重視,也讓更多人願意去關心環境議題,那麼這部片的目的也就達到了。這樣或許也是美事一樁吧。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">吳莉君(譯)(2010)。觀看的方式(原作者:J. Berger)。台北市:麥田。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">推薦閱讀:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;"><a href="http://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/213/article/840">郭力昕〈台灣符號、政治維穩、與國族性格―如此《看見台灣》〉</a></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-35962998317164564552013-02-07T00:34:00.000-08:002014-12-25T09:35:32.156-08:00偽理性人「在我看來最該指責的就是知識份子的逃避:所謂逃避就是轉離明知是正確的、困難的、有原則的立場,而決定不予採取。不願意顯得太過政治化;害怕看來具有爭議性;需要老闆或權威人物的允許;想要保有平衡、客觀、溫和的美譽;希望能被請教、諮詢,成為有聲望的委員會的一員,以留在身負重任的主流之內;希望有朝一日能獲頒榮譽學位、大獎,甚至擔任駐外大使。對知識份子而言,腐化的心態莫甚於此。」<br />
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-引自愛德華‧薩伊德《知識分子論》</div>
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本文收錄於<a href="http://www.ibeidou.net/archives/28958">北斗網</a>。<br />
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有一種人遇到高度爭辯性的議題時,例如近日紹興社區的案子,口口聲聲要人們有禮貌、維持社會祥和之氣,討論事情時要理性至上。「公正、理性、客觀、中立」是他們的信仰。這群人很難接受激烈的抗爭手段,例如黑衣人違反校慶秩序,以及參與抗議的學生各種憤怒的情緒。對於這些,這群人永遠搞不懂,為什麼一件事情不能坐下來好好談、理性地談、拿道理出來談,非要大吵大鬧搞得大家風風雨雨台大上報才要善罷甘休?我稱這群凡事強調行事要合乎體制、禮貌、理性原則且根本拒斥激烈抗爭情緒的人,為偽理性人。<br />
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上述界定這群人的方式太粗糙,或許我還得下一個但書,就是這群人認為和氣 (作為一種情緒) 最重要。我很難說和氣、禮貌或理性誰是誰的基礎,但大致上,偽理性人認為,所有談判的準則必須在和氣的狀況下被提出來,而且必須理性地談,也因為理性地談,所以整體而言就會是和氣的。秉持這種信念的人非常多,有許多種變形,舉凡BBS、報章雜誌、各大網路論壇或抗議現場,到處都可以看到這種人。在我開始批評之前,我必須說明的是,我並不認為強調和氣至上的人是不對的,畢竟和氣的、彼此互動氣氛良好的日子誰不想過?我要在這裡對偽理性人提出的批判是,偽理性人夢寐以求的祥和之氣,在缺乏同理與反身性思考的前提下,它根本性地鞏固了這個社會的不公義形勢。<br />
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偽理性人是最道地的和平份子,他們所想像的社會是「祥和」的,即便這個社會真的不是這樣,他們也非常希望這個社會正朝著祥和的方向行駛而去,所以他們希望大家都是這樣想:「社會要祥和,不要有紛爭」。這甚至成為他們的使命,成為他們認同自己的一部分。因此,當偽理性人遇到各種失控的場面的時候,包括抗爭場域中各種具侵略性的情緒如憤怒,而他們又無法控制場面的時候,他們會批評這些很情緒化的、非理性的行為。「怎麼可以這麼不理性呢?坐下來好好談啊!」然而,在他們如此要求之前,他們並未真正認知這些情緒究竟是怎麼一回事情,他們只想著,作為一個現代的、有文明的人,凡事就該理性地談、好好地談,最好引用現行的法條來談,在制度中談,但他們卻從來沒有認真地去理解,為什麼有一群人,在此時此地,如此憤怒、如此悲傷。當然,偽理性人沒有辦法閱讀這種激烈的情緒文字,因為這徹徹底底地違反了偽理性人的準則。我猜,他們可能只當這群人一定是無理取鬧的暴民。<br />
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台大紹興風波在一個根本八點檔連續劇的狀態下有了初步的協商結果。這個八點檔連續劇大概符合我們的認知,原本無法理解的壞人,最後竟然出面來個大和解,一個掉下眼淚跟大家說盡力支持,另一個則是抱著身體病痛展開談話。我沒有否認這之中彼此所展現的可能誠意,但這故事實在他馬的「祥和」。抗爭事件一定要和平落幕! (廢話,誰不是這麼想的?) 偽理性人接受了極度祥和皆大歡喜的八點檔連續劇情般的結局,但對於過程中種種失控仍有諸多不滿,例如那些對當權者不禮貌的噓聲和言詞。他們堅信,這些失控是一種問題,是一種態度和尊重的問題。<br />
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偽理性人不滿這過程中的「非理性」情緒展演,但對於偽理性人的這種「不滿」,我也很不滿。因為偽理性人所認為的問題,我覺得根本放錯焦點,根本不該指責這群人的激烈情緒,而是應該嘗試思考,為什麼這群人會有這些反應?為什麼會有群人被逼得拋頭露面上街頭? (要知道,上街頭然後在公眾空間展現自己無助的那一面,是要在心裡把尊嚴給摁著的!) 對於這些激烈情緒的思考,應該把情緒當作一種社會文本來閱讀,而非指責這群人的失控、不禮貌、不理性,也不是將這些令人不舒服的情緒拒斥在千里之外,就算耳根清淨。<br />
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偽理性人所要求的理性和祥和是一種霸權。他們不願意瞭解這些激烈的情緒,並將這些情緒給妖魔化,如此作為在另一面根本地鞏固了自以為的「祥和社會」,但偽理性人在還不願意顛覆性地瞭解這些情緒之前,他們根本沒辦法認知到,這種對社會祥和的幻想,究竟是屬於誰的「祥和」?他們所認定的祥和,從來都是沒有反身性思考的,他們從來沒有去思考,這個社會對誰是祥和的而對誰而言又不是。這個問題從來都是被偽理性人所忽略的。<br />
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有些偽理性人拒斥閱讀情緒就算了,他們可能根本失焦地戰那些對當權者提出挑戰的不禮貌態度,如此失焦,使得這一運動爭辯的「近用城市的權利」 (right to the city) ,如誰能近用及如何近用這兩大論題,無法獲得社會充分的對話。在這過程中,他們甚至強調自身的客觀中立,援引制度法律條文,展示他們那彷彿是唯一真理一般的論點,截然地告訴你這群居民不該爭,因為本來就不合法,而且這群人有些根本不能算是弱勢,憑什麼站出來搞社運反對迫遷?搞了就說學生民粹。對於這些,反對迫遷根本不是說要這些居民就在這邊就地合法,只是要一隻大鯨魚考量多一點的面向,例如這群蝦米為何落腳於此的歷史脈絡與時空背景等等,再來討論是否有其他可行方案,讓這些有困難的「違建戶」能「合理地」獲得妥善安置。不過這些明明有轉圜空間的各種討論,卻被一些偽理性人單假定人是追求極大利益的動物來說這些都是別有居心都是居民為了利益,這麼說一點實質意義也沒有,偽理性人只是再一次忽略口口聲聲說的那群弱勢者,並沒有去同理去瞭解,而只是用這種「並非全是弱勢」的說詞否定了那些發聲主體。而且凡事如此假定人們出面爭吵是為了獲得不當利益,那麼當這個社會對你我不公的時候,誰還敢出來向這個社會提出挑戰?一出來吵鬧就一定是要標成「不當獲利者」。如此一來,對於那些備受不完美制度困擾的人們,在仗還沒開打的時候,豈不是都要先揹上這個沉重的標籤?這樣只是再次地去鞏固了偽理性人自以為活得很舒適、屬於自己的祥和社會而已。殊不知,對許多人來說,這個社會從來都不是祥和的,從來都是鬧哄哄的、動盪的,只是站在偽理性人的社會位置上,是看不到這些也無法閱讀這些的。<br />
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如同我所說,偽理性人在沒有對自己進行反身思考之前,這群人所嚮往的理性和祥和,只是讓自己與這社會中各種憤怒的情緒隔離起來,如此隔離,使得存在於社會制度裡面可能的不公義遂被連帶鞏固起來。更有甚者,這群不多加思考的偽理性人甚至援引這些制度這些道理來批評某群人為何出來作亂,而不是去質疑這些制度有什麼問題、又對誰有問題。因此,我認為,偽理性人真正的問題從來都是在那未加反身思考的癥結上。由此觀之,可以說,這個社會的問題從來都不是偽理性人所指責的那群出來吵鬧的、被認為不禮貌不理性的人,偽理性人本身從來就是這個社會最大的問題。<br />
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偽理性人若對於過程中這些情緒和可能不合理的制度通通不加思索,無法思考甚至不願意看到自己的理性是站在哪個位置上,那麼講再多的理性和祥和,強調自己如何公正客觀,即便奠基其上的論點有多詳盡,看起來又是多麼地有道理,都是枉然。<br />
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-83031769616310013492012-08-09T00:39:00.000-07:002014-12-25T09:34:36.910-08:00環境變遷中的台大地理排名若我們一直沿用「有無出路」的思維來看待、評判大學科系,將可能忽略冷門科系在當代社會的重要性和傑出表現。本文刊載於<a href="http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/forum/20120809/34426598">2012年8月9日蘋果日報</a>。<br />
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徐進鈺 (台大地理系主任) 、賴彥甫 (台大地理所學會長)<br />
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近年每當大學校系放榜之日,記者總喜歡拿台大地理系二類組最低錄取分數略勝清大資工或交大電物等「熱門科系」一事大作文章,並以此論證台灣社會的「台大情結」有多嚴重。然而,這種報導對地理系等許多被視為「冷門」的大學科系而言是相當不公平的。這種粗糙的論證手法掩蓋了許多事實,例如系上確實有許多同學是因興趣而來到台大地理系,非單慕台大之名而來。這個事實並不列在記者的考量中,顯然報導失衡。更重要的,面對氣候變遷所帶來的土地利用、環境治理與永續發展的議題,使得長期以來被忽視的地理學在處理人地關係貢獻被突顯出來,這也就反應在指考排名。<br />
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由於過去數十年來國民教育地理科所配置的教學內容,地理學常被過度簡單地認為只是一門背地圖的學問,也因此,地理系在台灣常被視為「無用」的科系。除此之外,台灣社會多將大學教育視作「職業訓練所」,認為就讀何種科系與未來就職必然存在強烈連結,在如此意識下,「有無出路」便成了評判地理系的社會價值的唯一標準,因此,「無用」的地理系便非常理所當然地被視為冷門科系。如此一來,當台大地理系二類組錄取分數飆升並高過其他名校的二類組熱門科系時,便很容易被比較並以此輕易論證台灣社會越來越嚴重的台大情結現象。<br />
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事實上,我們並非要否認台大情結的存在,畢竟過去台大在台灣社會中一直扮演著孕育社會菁英、人才的角色,再加上近年政府在台灣競逐全球競爭力的過程中試圖將台大打造為「世界百大」,使台大獨大。因此,台大情結為何存在並不難理解。然而,要回應台大情結一事,並不是大聲疾呼「擇你所愛」、「選系不選校」就能輕易回應,應該檢討的是一昧追逐世界排名使得台灣高教資源分配的嚴重失衡傾斜。如此討論才能直接回應台灣社會難解的台大情結現象。<br />
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若我們一直沿用「有無出路」的思維來看待、評判大學科系時,將可能忽略許多冷門科系在當代社會的重要性和傑出表現。例如,當地理系被視為無用科系時,社會大眾就很難認識到地理學對台灣的環境災害、地景保育、城鄉發展、人口的跨國移動等議題作出許多重要的理論與實務貢獻。而這個道理,也適用在其他同被社會視為冷門的科系。若這種過度簡化的評判思維持續下去,那麼台灣社會的人才景觀將可能變得非常狹隘甚至單一。長遠來看,這並非好事。Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-39953632246082705412012-08-03T01:33:00.000-07:002014-12-25T09:34:22.058-08:00「反旺中」的媒體公共性困境當我們要投入公眾輿論都顯得窒礙難行,這恐怕是一個令人灰心的時代。<a href="http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/forum/20120803/34413091">本文刊載於2012年8月3日蘋果日報。</a><br />
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「反旺中」是個複雜的事件。對此,我站在反對立場。不過,在台灣只要扯到媒體,就有更多更複雜的因素必須考慮進來,以明了自己究竟站在何處評論這件事情。<br />
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我之所以反對旺中,原因與大多數人一樣,是因它已被餵養成龐大的媒體怪獸,權力膨脹太過,已成「順旺中者昌、逆旺中者亡」的局勢。像這次的「走路工疑雲」,旺中新聞寫得像黑函一樣已讓人無法忍受,它亦以藍綠鬥爭的詮釋架構來框架陳為廷網路貼圖事件。這種詮釋框架讓許多人以為這不過又是個藍綠惡鬥,但其實它隱瞞了旺中媒體權力膨脹的事實。這招很廉價很粗糙,但在台灣要達到欲蓋彌彰時最有用。<br />
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除了旺中權力膨脹,在這起事件中,另一個該思考的,是其他傳媒對旺中這起事件的詮釋態度與角度。各家傳媒有複雜的利益糾葛關係,因此,不難想見的,本有立場、互有恩怨的各家媒體便在事件開端借力使力,站在最「適當」的地方對旺中展開批判。<br />
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對,旺中這隻媒體托辣斯巨獸是該被檢討該遏止,但面對上述各家媒體各有明確立意立場的政治形勢,身為台灣社會公民、閱聽者的我們,是否能透過這些媒體形成適當的輿論聲音以對抗媒體托辣斯巨獸,這是需要被質疑的。<br />
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身為台灣公民亦是當代社會的閱聽者,我們的處境令人堪慮。就拿所謂的閱聽個體來說,其實,我們並沒有多大的力量能反抗巨獸,即便想盡辦法投書到各家媒體進入爭論場域,充其量也多是被收到各家媒體既定的立場中形成對抗。<br />
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這種對抗看似爭取版面、對形成輿論壓力有利,事實上卻有更多的立場收編的問題,它們都必須被更進一步釐清。但我們也不能因此放棄各種戰鬥的機會,在這起事件中,我們仍要對旺中形成托辣斯巨獸一事提出批判,無論是透過身體力行或透過各種映像。<br />
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此外,我們也要把這件事情給脈絡化,跳脫藍綠框架,看到藍綠在各自的執政時代其實都提供了這隻媒體巨獸生成的絕佳條件。<br />
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最後,在批判媒體巨獸及政府的同時,我認為這也是個重新思索台灣媒體公共性的好時機:如果台灣媒體再也無法公平地成為社會輿論場域,那麼我們又如何透過媒體發聲?<br />
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當我們要投入公眾輿論都顯得窒礙難行,這恐怕是一個令人灰心的時代。<br />
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-51161705278604821112012-06-03T04:32:00.000-07:002014-12-25T09:39:42.253-08:00台灣的地理學的主體性危機論及地理學主體性這件事情,確實有一個全球的地理學科爭辯脈絡,但我們亦要同時注意世界各地的地理學有不同樣貌或形式的主體性危機。若要論及今天台灣的地理學的主體性危機究竟為何,那麼我想是地理教育與地理學在台灣被過度地揉雜一起。而這個現象在台灣有一個源遠流長的脈絡。<br />
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對於地理學的主體性不明這件事情有一個源遠流長的爭辯脈絡。若依照Clarke (2011) 所言,我們甚至可以說,地理學的主體不明可說是天生缺陷,自十九世紀地理學誕生之初即是如此。這個爭辯在台灣的地理學界亦常出現,身為地理系學生的我們,常在課堂中聽見,亦在網路上看見相關論述,也可親臨台灣舉辦的中國地理學年會現場感受這般強烈的危機感。地理學主體不明對某些 (或說大多數) 地理學者而言就像久病纏身:這病無藥可醫,偶爾讓人感到痛苦,但還不至於嚴重奪命。不過我也要省思我用的這個病理譬喻的準確性,畢竟病入膏肓的地理學或許哪天就這麼突然告別人世也不一定。這麼說是嚴重了,但地理學在不同年代所延續的學科範式的改變,或許正好用來聲稱上一階段的死亡,下一階段的新生也不一定。<br />
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地理學的主體性在地理學裡已是老調重彈。當我現在論及這個命題的時候,或許我正被人們算入那老調重彈的行列中。若這麼思考我接下來的論證及批判工作,那麼我想那是對我有所誤解。事實上,我在這裡仍是在談地理學的主體問題,但我試圖主張並要強調的是,這些地理學的論辯並非放諸四海皆然,也非全然能承襲全球爭辯脈絡,這種主體性爭辯有許多變形,因應各地脈絡而狀況不一。在我聲稱這樣的論點之後,問題來了,如果今天我們不能扁平化地、世界同一地討論地理學的主體問題,例如地理學消失啦地理學不見啦地理學死亡啦等,那麼我們今天又要如何理解在台灣脈絡的地理學主體性爭辯?在此,如果論及今天台灣的地理學的主體性危機究竟為何?那麼我的答案會是地理教育與地理學被過度揉雜一起,講白話且更精準一點,那就是台灣的地理學的發展,包括學術發表、系所建制、教授任職與課程結構等,與地理教育綁太緊。<br />
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在論證命題並提出批判之前,我並無意將這個命題論證重心放在台灣大多數的地理系都在師範體系而導致這個無可避免的結果,我要聲明,這是過度簡單地理解這個命題,但我不否認這個基礎結構對這個現象的解釋。事實上,今天造就台灣的地理學發展與地理教育綁太緊這件事情,必須回到台灣一個長久以來難以翻轉的社會 (意識) 結構,這個結構深深地支配且強化了許多基礎學科與「出社會」就職的內在連結,那就是地理系畢業的學生去當地理老師,歷史系畢業的學生去當歷史老師,中文系畢業的學生去當國文老師等,諸如此類。把這個結構講得更清楚且更絕對一點,那就是念XX系畢業的學生必然是做與XX相關的工作。當這個作為基礎學科的XX又被台灣社會認定為冷門科系時,通常都被認為只能從事與XX相關的教職工作。這個 (意識) 結構是很好理解的,我想也是大多數地理系學生的日常經驗。以我為例,當許多人聽到我念地理系的時候,第一個被問到的問題通常是:「念地理將來要幹嘛?」接著就會補一句:「當老師?」<br />
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台灣大多數的地理學系成立之初,目的即在於培育國內所需的地理師資。我們能想到的地理系學生能做什麼事情,也很直接地想到教職一途。如果你不是選擇當中學地理老師,那麼就是從事高等教育與研究工作,這個就職結構被想得很窄。而這個 (意識) 結構也使得許多地理系獲得耕耘地理教育這塊領域的正當性,因此,我們便不難理解今天各大地理系 (包括台大) 為何均有人在地理教育這塊土地上插旗宣稱領地,而且這個行為鮮少被質疑,似乎只要掛有「地理」二字的東西就能被理所當然地收納到地理學界裡頭。<br />
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地理教育在台灣的地理學界有難以撼動的地位,畢竟地理作為一門基礎社會學科,是台灣公民從小到大都曾面對的國民教育的一環。它在台灣的市場潛力,毫無庸置疑的是兩千三百萬人口,我們都曾在生命中經歷了它。雖然「毫無置疑」這四個字需要被界定和討論,但那不是我的重點,我只是以此試圖說明,地理教育能在台灣地理學界紮根進而形成緊綁的這個結構基本上是建立在國民教育基礎社會學科的基礎上。然而,這個結構本身存在「地理」教育與「地理」學中「地理」二字無法互通替換的矛盾張力。這個張力自台灣大多數地理系成立之初即以培育國內所需師資為目標時即已存在,只是這個張力因台灣的地理學的學術發展歷程而日漸增強。或許會有人說 (而且我同意) ,在某個時期,地理教育的「地理」能與地理學的「地理」是曾經互通的,但我要強調的是,顯然的,現在無法。<br />
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平心而論,地理教育能否被算入地理學根本是需要被打上問號 (事實上,除了問號,我更想為今天視地理教育被收納進地理學為理所當然這件事情打上驚嘆號) ,或許我應該更直接了當地說,地理教育根本不該被放在地理學界,或說「地理系」中。因為這地理學和地理教育這兩件事情關注的重點完全不一樣,一個在乎的是如何生產地理知識,是講研究的,講「科研」的;另一個是討論如何在教育者及受教者的關係中傳授地理知識,是講教育的,講「科普」的。<br />
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我們已經知道,地理教育存在台灣的地理學中是件弔詭的事情,而時至今日,在許多地理學術會議場合或高等教育情境中,我們似乎能感受到地理教育越來越是台灣的地理學中相當吃重、倚靠的次領域,與其說它領土擴張,倒不如說它的重要性是不斷被聲稱的。若極端點說,在某個程度上,它甚至有支配學界的態勢。我傾向將這種現象理解為台灣內部某些地理知識的討論與生產已難有更寬廣的學術市場,而這種知識生產與市場廣大的地理教育在知識傳授上有相當程度的重疊,再加上地理教育是台灣地理學界用來固守學術領土最便宜、最廉價也最不被質疑、耗費力氣最小的說詞。更重要的是,這個說詞在台灣是有市場的,至少還有一大票地理教師和台灣公民買這筆帳。葉高華 (2008) 曾描繪地理是被其他梭修賽斯領域所支配的「部落」領域。在這種艱難的局勢中,地理若要保有一席之地,則必須不斷畫界來區分誰是地理而誰不是地理 (例如我們很常聽到的:「你這份研究的地理在哪裡?」這個質問通常難有正確答案,在大多數情況下,這個質問只是個鞏固疆界、為地理而地理的模糊說詞罷了!) 。地理教育正好是台灣某些地理知識擁護者最有用的保命丸、還命丹:除了鞏固學術領土之外,還能享有龐大的教育經費資源、保有一定的學術消費市場,並以此確定還能發揮一些影響力。<br />
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這影響力在上述所耙梳的脈絡中是確實存在的,而它亦進一步鞏固了地理教育在地理學界的勢力。然而,這種影響力並不能用來宣稱地理教育是地理的重要領域。因為這種影響力只是台灣舊有教育體制和師培制度的延續,地理教育只是占了台灣的這個歷史結構的便宜而已。而且由地理教育所框架出來的體系是封閉且狹隘的,更重要的是,它能自我增生、繁衍。在此,我借用我朋友的比喻,說這個體系就像蚯蚓一樣:它雌雄同體,能獨自射精與受精,繁衍後代。<br />
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我認為,地理教育不該與地理學或說地理系綁得如此緊密。地理教育所指涉的並非地理。而且就我所參加的幾個會議所聽到的,發現地理教育的地理二字是極其彈性且容許填塞的字。現在,有許多人倡議將多元文化、環境教育或海洋教育丟到地理教育的大框架中,但這些東西事實上很難稱其為地理,若無法稱其為地理,那麼又為何能放到地理教育中?也就是說,地理教育中的地理在這裡究竟是什麼意思,是需要被釐清的。可惜的是,地理教育本身應涵蓋什麼、應教什麼,似乎定位不清。隨著社會觀念逐步改變,當有更多的東西要放到課綱裡的時候,地理教育似乎就成了一個最好的置放處,尤其與環境相關的課題,管它阿貓阿狗,反正環境議題環保議題聽起來和地理關係匪淺,丟到地理教育中準沒錯。在這種情境下,當它又在台灣的地理學界中形成一個能自我繁衍的體系時,只是讓人越來越困惑。<br />
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前幾天有機會參加中國地理學會所舉辦的年會。回來後我直覺得地理年會應改為地理教育年會。這麼說有過於絕對的風險且說得嚴重了些,但大體而言台灣的地理學界的確存在這樣的傾向,中國地理學會年會只是一個體現而已。事實上,長久來看,這並不是好現象。若地理教育持續在地理學界鞏固體系,只想著如何搞地理教育維護疆界,那麼這個領域的知識生產恐怕有「遲緩」的疑慮 (或許可以想想如此知識生產的成果去了哪裡) 。如此體系所綿延的地理知識並無法因應當下學術發展態勢,我想,被淘汰或另立門戶或許只是時間遲早的事情。<br />
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中國地理學會作為台灣幾乎唯一的地理學術組織,以地理教育維護了自身的疆界。它如此形態組織具體呈現了某種程度的台灣地理學界的主體性危機。還記得今年地理學會年會的開場論壇,名稱是「隱藏在99課綱下的挑戰」。在這場論壇中,提及許多地理教育面臨的困境與危機,其中一個重點,也是最common sense的,就是論及地理學的主體性危機。課綱中的地理是什麼?地理不見了?若不清楚地理是什麼,那我們到底在教什麼?諸如此類的問題讓人感到焦慮。不過,錯了。根據上述我所批判的重點,事實上,應該感到焦慮的,不是在99課綱中發現地理學的主體性危機,而是今天把地理教育議題納為地理學會年會的開場論壇這件事情,本身就是最大的主體性危機。<br />
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在我對地理教育和地理學綁太緊而產生的主體性危機進行一些闡述與批判的同時,我認為也該是時候檢討我們對於國內地理系畢業出路與中學地理教師的狹隘想像。透過這種對現有 (意識) 結構的多重挑戰並試圖顛覆,才能鬆動既有的結構現狀。我們或許該問問自己,我們究竟是如何想像一位地理老師所應具備的能力?必然是地理系出身嗎?若答案是不一定,那麼地理系學生畢業後的出路,是否能有更多的想像?上述這些試探性的問題有些正被具體回應並落實,例如教育系學生亦可透過某些機制而成為地理教師等,然而這種狀態相對有保護主義的地理系所而言,算是相對少數。透過這些問題的回應與試圖改變,或許能在某個程度上解決我說的因地理教育與地理學綁太緊而造成的主體性危機。<br />
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不過,針對地理學及其出入,或許更這麼說吧!念地理系這件事情為何會有相對應的工作?如果地理學是一門思考人與環境之間的關係的學科,那麼它應與哲學無異。若地理是一個重思考、重概念的學科,那麼那些技術將不是真正的重點,那麼它更應當不被任何既存之職業類別所侷限。現在這類念XX就做XX的想法,事實上是被一種功利主義的概念所強暴,使得我們只能以非常狹隘的方式思考並定位地理系,而無法重新置放地理系,無法使其與社會僵固的職業類別脫鉤。這個狹隘的思考方式,亦使得地理系反覆面臨惱人的就業問題:「念地理系可以幹嘛?」 (大家可以想想,這問題也就是每年台大杜鵑花節時,地理系學生最常被問到的問題) 煩人非常。對此,我認為我得說得更明白一點:念地理系並不能「幹嘛」。<br />
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回到我在這篇文章中所要聲稱的,地理學的主體性從來不能被扁平化地思考,它確實有一個全球的地理學科爭辯脈絡,但我們亦要同時注意世界各地的地理學有不同樣貌或形式的主體性危機。我想我已經清楚地表明台灣脈絡的地理學主體性危機為何。我認為,明瞭這種在地脈絡的主體性危機是至關重要的,否則我們將無法區分當我們站在某些位置透過某些議題反身論及主體問題時,真正的問題卻在於我們的立足點上,這是盲目,同時也是相當危險的一件事情。<br />
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<h4>
引用書目:</h4>
Clarke, K. C. (2011) Exploring the Past and Future of Our Planet: Not Bit-by-Bit but All at Once, <i>The Professional Geographer</i>, 63(3): pp. 320-324.<br />
葉高華 (2008) 梭修賽斯的局勢,http://richter.pixnet.net/blog/post/21821868 [檢索日期:2012年4月27日] 。<br />
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-71610634999956264792012-02-07T23:45:00.000-08:002014-12-25T09:32:49.274-08:00誰的東亞城市?從郭恩慈的《東亞城市空間生產:探索東京、上海、香港的城市文化》談起<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">黃宗儀、賴彥甫(2012)。誰的東亞城市?從郭恩慈的《東亞城市空間生產:探索東京、上海、香港的城市文化》談起。<b>台灣建築,197</b>,96-98。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">近年來,人們對全球化一詞已不再感到陌生,從早年的學術發表到教科書,乃至現今隨處可見的報章雜誌電視新聞,全球化儼然成為當代人們日常生活中常見的流行語彙。然而,全球化這一概念的意涵為何?它僅是日常生活中的麥當勞與肯德基?IKEA 與Zara?對城市居民而言,全球化的具體形式與作用力究竟為何?當政府或企業高舉全球化大旗擁抱地球村、歡呼新全球時代的勝利,並依此訴諸全球化的發展大行城市重建時,我們又該如何以批判的視角來看待全球化現象?對於以上問題,郭恩慈在《東亞城市空間生產:探索東京、上海、香港的城市文化》一書聚焦三座東亞大城的文化、全球化、資本主義、都市空間規畫與日常生活的複雜交織,提供了具體的思考路徑。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 本書結構工整,共可分為三個部分。第一部分以大衛‧哈維 (David Harvey) 與亨利‧列菲伏爾 (Henri Lefebvre) 對資本主義與日常生活所提出的理論為基礎,論述當代全球資本主義運作過程中,都市空間如何隨之調整。在如此劇烈變動的都市環境中,資本主義又如何與消費主義謀合,使全球經濟空間大舉侵吞居民的日常生活空間。根據上述理論架構,作者在第二部分依序檢視東京、香港和上海近年的都市發展,探討幾個重要議題,包括:文化被資本主義挪用,而成為一種僅具商品消費意義的空洞符碼、都市空間雙元極化所導致的發展危機、全球城市概念的界定以及發展論述隱藏的東、西方權力不均等等。最後,作者在第三部分重新將三個東亞城市置入全球化的脈絡中與理論對話,為此書做結。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 郭恩慈在第一個部分為全書作了相當完整的理論鋪陳,架構清楚、文字簡潔明快。在這一章中,郭主要耙梳的理論對象為當代提出重要空間理論的學者列菲伏爾與哈維。在進入兩人的理論之前,郭先引述薩斯奇亞‧薩森 (Saskia Sassen) 的概念指出,當代都市發展在全球化的架構底下,都市環境亦隨城市裡出現的專業人士調整與變化,例如佔地廣大的休閒娛樂設施,排擠了原本居民的生活空間,造成當代全球都市空間的權力不均等關係。接著,作者耙梳哈維的理論,解釋資本主義、消費主義與都市空間之間的關係,亦即資本成為驅動空間的組織、生產、再組織與再生產的力量,資本的流動、積累和增長,皆構成全球化與都市化的重要動能。哈維認為,全球化可理解為資本主義擴張的結果,地理空間的變化形態是為因應資本積累過程中所產生的內部危機,資本得透過空間的向外擴張、降低成本、開發新興市場以消解危機。在此過程中,地理空間亦在不同尺度如洲際、國家、都市乃至個人身體等隨之重構,進而生產出資本主義的空間形式,並產生空間分化,如階級與空間極化的雙元城市。而個人的身體亦在這一過程中,承載資本主義的文化形式,成為勞動的身體。作者引用哈維的理論告訴我們,資本主義如何透過空間而運作,因資本主義而起的空間重整的結構力量,又如何對人們的日常生活造成衝擊。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 延續哈維的論點,郭恩慈再引用列菲伏爾的論述,從消費層面強調大眾媒體與資本主義對個人日常生活的徹底進犯,即便下班閒暇時間皆無法為個人主導與控制。列菲伏爾認為,資本主義運作於人們的日常生活中,廣告透過電視、電腦與收音機等媒體所中介的日常環境打造消費的文化範型,驅使人們消費。亦即,廣告與媒體重新組織了人們的生活。就都市、文化與消費的面向來說,作者指出,當代城市將文化作為一種包裝手段,大致上可見兩個常見策略:一是將本土歷史與日常文化美感化,二是以精緻文化作為包裝,提高某個區域或某個空間的「層次」而獲得更高的價值。也就是說,文化是門好生意,資本主義以消費主義的形式現身,不僅成為日常生活的文化範型,亦成為抬高空間「層次」以獲取更高利益的手段。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 透過上述理論架構,本書在第二到第四部分,分述東京、香港與上海的當代都市發展、空間規劃與大眾日常生活產生經驗斷裂的數個研究案例。這些案例試圖呈現全球化時代下資本主義重整都市空間的力量,以及居民的反思與回應。這部分可說是本書最有趣也最具啟發性之處。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 在東京的部份,郭恩慈引六本木新城與神樂坂町營造為例,說明六本木新城這一眾所矚目的城市重建區,其空間建構過程是資本主義、消費主義與作為發展策略的文化三者交織形成的商業空間。在這個多功能的複合空間裡,有高雅的設計並以知名的藝術品作為賣點。然而,六本木新城內連同公共空間的所有空間,其本質皆為消費空間,僅供付費者使用。因此郭明言這個案例讓我們看到「城市最後也不過是一個超巨型商場」。 (頁123) 相較六本木新城,郭再以神樂坂町營造的案例對比,居民以神樂坂地區豐厚的歷史、生活記憶與文化資源等所形成的空間意識,積極組織團體,規劃社區活動,成為有效抵抗資本主義的重要力量。她認為神樂坂町營造運動的獨特之處,在於居民的訴求並非爭取地區管制的政治參與權或純粹保存生活區域,而是為保護及延續當地的歷史與文化景觀。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 在香港的部分,郭恩慈在引言時即以其在地視角指出,香港的發展已成為明顯的「雙元城市」,空間與階級上的極化引發社會危機。她在〈社區營造還是社群主義〉一章中,檢視灣仔地區保育一案,雖然進行重建並追溯地方歷史以避免去脈絡化的危機,但取徑地方、保留老建物的文化行銷手段,卻將灣仔打造成一處中產階級品位的「灣仔文化」區。郭並以喜帖街 (利東街) 的經驗為例,2007年面臨拆除重整的喜帖街,吸引了具有文化詮釋權人士,亦即哈維所言之文化大眾 (cultural mass),以喜帖街之文化價值及「保留比另建新樓房更具價值」等論述,結合當代城市強調以文化做為行銷包裝的風潮,成功阻止了喜帖街的拆除工作。在此,郭引用哈維的說法指出,這種以共同社群和緊密的社會網絡所延伸出來的地方建構而成的「幻境社區」,其本質是危險的,即可能形成政治勢力並造成社群空間的排除作用。 (頁192-195) 另外,郭又引雪倫‧魯金 (Sharon Zukin) 的說法,強調喜帖街的文化論述建構,相似魯金所描述的迪士尼,被建構為世外桃源、化外之地。如此的空間意象是由握有文化論述權之人士所主導,這群「文化大眾」以其意識加諸於空間之上,以文化論述保存了可能不具有歷史價值的建物,並將地方轉為「有文化」的空間。雖然這種文化建構而成的社區順利阻擋了拆遷案,卻也迎合了當代以文化行銷城市的主流操作方式。郭恩慈認為深究此脈絡可以發現,政府、建商與握有文化論述權的人士等,彼此可能是同謀關係,而非死敵。她對此提出批判,指出喜帖街的保存案例實際上並非對仕紳化 (gentrification) 有深刻的反省,其採用文化論述策略的保存與建構手段,反而可能使整個社區空間更徹底的商品化。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 香港的第二個案例是屯門公園因長者歌舞活動而延伸出的系列爭議,郭恩慈分析草根階級居民如何以歌舞參與城市空間製造的過程,並與政府形成對抗。作者以這個案例提出批評,認為香港政府重經濟成長重發展,其由上至下的城市治理術,仍以監控和規範為主要手段,無視小市民的生活空間的品質與開放性,隱含社會對草根階級與長者之刻板印象。郭指出,這些多為年老長者的草根階級居民,每日到公園載歌載舞、尋求免費娛樂,事實上是回應了都市空間發展所映照的日常生活範型,幾乎已無草根階級居民可容身之處。郭批評,雖然政府持續透過空間規劃 (如增加路障或去除長桌使樂器無擺放之處) 對公園施行「淨化」,乍看是要解決屯門公園的「噪音」問題,其實更意圖淨化的是老人活動中可能有從事性產業的中年婦女表演歌舞、「敗壞風俗」。針對政府的治理,郭指出其中的弔詭──這群年老長者透過身體舞動展現高度活力的表現,不正是當代全球所標榜的「活躍高齡」的生活價值嗎? (頁239)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 郭恩慈在上海的兩個篇章中討論上海作為一個全球城市的發展進程與反思。〈歷史與藝術的商品化〉一文探討「老上海」如何成為當代上海城的發展策略與資源。郭指出,上海的歷史建物在當代資本主義的運作下,僅剩空殼樣貌而無實質意義,如上海新天地,上海成了販賣最新穎的懷舊之地。諷刺的是,那些去脈絡化的歷史空間似乎能吸引遊客觀覽並以此認識上海,真正留存上海歷史的多倫路即便經過打造與留存,卻不如上海新天地那般受歡迎程度。郭在此問道:「城市藉由懷舊論述所營造出來的空間,究竟是要紀念些什麼?」 (頁281) 〈從上海到全球化〉一文,則檢視上海被視為一座全球城市背後所彰顯出來的東西方學者的論述差異,並藉由這組差異來批判「西方標準」的強勢界定,並嘗試以中國觀點來觀照上海以國家整體為策略的發展思維。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 綜觀全書,作者藉由東京、香港與上海等三座都市的經驗案例,約略依循哈維與列菲伏爾所主導的兩條理論軸線進行論述,一是資本主義所主導的空間生產,另一為城市住民日常生活中的種種回應。郭透過亞洲三大城市發展案例,讓我們看見東亞城市裡全球資本主義運作的具體形式與結果。然而,書中仍有些論點值得更進一步思考與補充。其一,本書名為「東亞城市空間生產」,應是著重於「東亞城市」的特殊性。在很大的程度上,作者的眾多篇章可能是要回應或反駁羅溫 (Peter G. Rowe) 所認為的「東亞城市的現代化只為狹窄的經濟『增長主義』所主導…而西方先進城市所經驗到的公民社會、集體參與力量…並未在東亞城市出現或只是剛起步…」。 (頁19) 但僅以東亞大城之案例回應羅溫的論點,是否便足以回應東亞城市在全球化脈絡下的特殊之處?大量引述哈維等理論家所提出之理論,並以此分析東亞城市,雖然有助於批判地思考城市空間的生產,但也隱約指涉東亞城市的空間生產與西方經驗的類同。但事實上,有別於西方都市的發展進程,近幾年東亞地區的國家在全球競逐的背景下,常見以政府所主導的力量推動諸多建設和措施。因此我們要問,同樣在本書中扮演關鍵角色的政府單位,究竟與西方城市發展的經驗有何差異?這應是值得深究的東亞經驗。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 再者,作者雖以神樂坂的案例提出一個可供對抗資本主義強大力量的參考範例,但似乎僅適用於具有豐厚歷史文化基礎的地區。那些無法以豐厚歷史文化基礎凝聚民眾抵抗意識的地區,若遇到相同狀況,又該如何面對強勢的政府與資本力量?以台北的華光社區為例,當社區的歷史文化難以轉換為有利可圖的文化資源時,是否只能任憑政府拆遷?在此,有關文化資源的討論,延伸出重要的思考方向:究竟文化保存運動與資本主導的發展主義的關連為何?豐厚的文化資源是否可能成為資本主義獲取更大利益的籌碼?當代許多社區常借用地方的歷史與文化力作為保存運動訴求核心,究竟保存了什麼?侷限又是什麼?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 有趣的是,相對郭所讚賞的神樂坂案例,她對香港利東街的成功保存反而多所質疑。她批判當代許多社區打文化旗幟所進行的市街保育,認為其可能被大行文化行銷的城市發展論述所收編,而使空間更徹底地商品化。在利東街的案例中,郭指出主導保存這條喜帖街的人士將其建構為世外桃源,是香港難得的守望相助樸實市街。可惜作者並沒有準確說明如此的建構與城市發展論述共謀的關連,因此難以說服讀者利東街的保存印證了尼爾‧史密斯 (Neil Smith) 所言,是一批「有文化的中產階級憑他/她們的想法,往往將沒有什麼歷史價值的歷史建築物加上了重重文化歷史意義…」? (頁201) 或者喜帖街的文化論述策略保存的只是「沒有歷史價值的建物」? (頁201-202)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 最後,郭在〈從上海到全球化〉一文中檢視東、西方學者如何看待上海與全球城市之間的關係,認為上海是否為一座全球城市的討論約略成形於2000年之後,並非如現有研究文獻 (黃宗儀,2004) 所指稱,在2000年之前已有跡象。然而,對比現有研究文獻,上海城市空間發展值得批判的重點,可能不在於上海是否已符合全球城市的標準,而是中國政府以西方全球城市為藍圖,極力將上海打造為全球城市,亦即,重點在於上海「邁向」全球城市的過程中所映照出的西方全球城市的樣貌以及在全球化的發展過程中,中國新自由主義所帶動的都市空間重整如何侵吞居民的日常生活空間。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> 總體而言,本書選取的案例都有相當的代表性,且論述脈絡清楚,沒有複雜難懂的理論,文字平易近人,可讀性高。回顧書中勾勒的東亞城市的空間生產,這些現象對台灣讀者來說亦不陌生。以台北市與新北市來說,近年來,兩者皆投身全球城市競逐行列,主打都市更新政策。資本邏輯在都市空間中的運作結果是壓迫相對弱勢的居民,造成驅離或無住屋等問題,例如三鶯部落、溪州部落、華光社區與紹興社區等迫遷事件。換言之,本書對打造全球城市過程所引發的仕紳化、空間排除與階級分化等問題,提供了參照的鏡相,讓身處東亞城市的我們能以批判的視角,省思以全球化為名的發展進程與自身日常生活之間的緊密關聯。</span><br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-67930906072284557302011-06-03T03:36:00.000-07:002015-02-22T01:03:34.420-08:00東引金銀花<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 我心底一直藏著這個疑問,直到最近南澳街上花香撲鼻,我這才知道,原來島上的抗暑對策盡在路邊不起眼的花花草草裡,是天青地白金銀花開。若要一窺究竟,只要現在走在南澳中路街巷裡,便可見到鄉親們把剪來的金銀花攤曬在石垣城牆上,讓它成乾儲藏。劉家大姐一邊剪著枝葉一邊說,夏天的時候,島上的人們摘採金銀花並將它曬乾之後泡茶放冰箱,每天就把它當開水喝,有些人還會加一些冰糖調味,喝了可以退火消暑降火氣。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 事實上,金銀花是有悠長歷史的藥用植物,忍冬科忍冬屬,別名忍冬或雙花,常見於台灣中低海拔之平地或近山地區。金銀花性甘寒,人們遂用它來清熱解毒涼血散淤消腫,在中藥學理上,常將其與野菊花、蒲公英和魚腥草等草藥混用,藉以緩解寒性,使其溫和入藥。除此之外,若用對藥方,金銀花也有治療小兒喉嚨痛和肺炎等病症的功用。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 「金銀花本質寒冷,小孩子其實是喝不來的,小孩子比較適合喝車前草熬成的茶湯,那比較溫和。」劉家大姐如此說著。其實,島民抗暑良方並非金銀花一枝獨秀,其他如細葉鼠尾草「天青地白」、車前草和涼草等,也都有解毒散熱、預防中暑的功效。不過這些草藥直接煮茶飲用,草腥味較重,許多台灣本島移民喝不習慣,夏天時大多還是請台灣的家人寄青草茶包來東引,尋求不同藥方,共解每年夏天的毒熱。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 金銀花等藥草是東引島老祖先們世代流傳的生活智慧,讓日常生活中信手拈來的花花草草都可入藥當食材,以讓人們適應往昔東引島窮惡的生活環境。可惜的是,這些珍貴的生活智慧卻可能在物質條件改善後的今日淡卻消逝,僅存口耳相傳、史料記載。畢竟金銀花若不開花,現在的年輕人可能就不知道那蔓延在地的不知名藤蔓小草就是金銀花。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 每年五月六月,是金銀花開季節。我在這個季節,遊蕩南澳人家小街巷弄,迷蹤在閩東砌牆與金銀花香之間,突然想起新兵撥交剛到島時的炎熱難耐,幾近一年身穿迷彩的綠色日子在意識不清仍感暈眩之中無聲展開。很快的,十個月過去了,這段日子就在我還沒來得及意識它的時候飛快地過去了。如今東引島上金銀花開,炎炎夏日正好眠,但它並不向我預告夏天即將開始,它只是默默地在我的東引記憶裡作最具詩意的行腳註記:我在金銀花凋謝時來引,在金銀花開時離開此地,最後在有金銀花的季節裡,查無此人。</span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4364291685511470072.post-89832551252236668672011-03-25T02:55:00.000-07:002015-01-12T02:57:09.864-08:00東引地雷<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS-5BFHN0_ccCiOfBuv012PtT6kWPwVREI-zh3p9WFr7USNgsdmDbbXNWu_U3y_DDyG2Kh1FHLvFAl3DXfGl2i4zCgO1_Cyv_U83IPa9cKZW2JBIvlzU6lQc0r4UWfQgFUKRSwyx1v_HFi/s1600/%E6%9D%B1%E5%BC%95%E5%9C%B0%E9%9B%B7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS-5BFHN0_ccCiOfBuv012PtT6kWPwVREI-zh3p9WFr7USNgsdmDbbXNWu_U3y_DDyG2Kh1FHLvFAl3DXfGl2i4zCgO1_Cyv_U83IPa9cKZW2JBIvlzU6lQc0r4UWfQgFUKRSwyx1v_HFi/s1600/%E6%9D%B1%E5%BC%95%E5%9C%B0%E9%9B%B7.jpg" height="266" width="400" /></a></div>
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本文刊載於2011年3月25日青年日報「青年副刊」;另亦刊載於2011年4月25日馬祖日報「鄉土文學」。<br />
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何致和在小說《外島書》憶起他在東引服役時,在大太陽下除草整地的經驗。何致和說,當時的阿兵哥們除了要面對高溫酷熱的工作環境,還得面對一些不知名的恐怖小草,帶針帶刺或有毒,尤其是那被稱作「東引地雷」的小草花,它雜生於野草之中,樣貌平凡無奇,若還沒長高成株,身形低矮難以辨別,但只要不小心讓它扎上那麼一針,肯定痛苦難耐。何致和形容,那是「一根針以每秒三下的速度連續在你手上同一個位置扎三十分鐘」的夢魘。<br />
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《外島書》裡的「東引地雷」聽起來怪可怕的,我一直想親眼看看這恐怖小草,但我運氣不好,來到東引時已經是深秋,地雷花早就不開了。直到去年年底,我才在路邊看見這些長滿刺的草,獨特的模樣,我見到它們便知道,眼前這些帶刺的草就是傳說中的「東引地雷」。<br />
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「東引地雷」本名南國薊,是菊科薊屬植物,又名小薊或刺薊,每逢夏季便開著紅色球狀花朵,隨風搖曳,活像沾滴在白宣紙上的紅墨水,在綠地上恣意暈染。南國薊很美,但卻是島上出名的不怎麼好惹的美人胚子。它長得矮小,不怎麼高,它的葉形長呈現戢狀,並在葉面上佈滿針刺,它的針刺並非毛狀針刺,而是清晰可見的,如針筒上的細針一樣。它雖然美麗,但如此樣貌令人覺得毛骨悚然,用一種女性角色的比喻來說,我會說她是間諜電影裡的冷艷女殺手,早已準備好各種致命武器,暗藏殺機,等候獵物,隨時讓人一擊斃命。<br />
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南國薊不只是島上夏季盛開的花朵,它其實也是草藥的一種,東引鄉親稱其為「地雷根」。據文獻記載,用它的根所熬出來的茶湯,有止火涼血的功用,對於肝臟是相當有益的藥方。月珍姐說,這兒的居民有時候會去蒐集這種草藥,戴附手套,手拿圓鍬,然後將挖回來的地雷根曝曬成乾,再以冷凍保存,即可用上好一陣子。「東引地雷根」這種草藥據說相當珍貴,在台灣本島算是少見的中藥材,一斤動輒上萬塊錢。月珍姐向我分享一個有趣的小故事,說曾經有做中藥材買賣的商賈夫婦到東引旅遊,下船不久後,發現東引島上遍地都是南國薊,於是便脫團去採摘這些難得一見的中藥材,當導遊與大家約好要搭船返台時,這對夫婦帶了好多「地雷根」回台灣,直呼不虛此行!哎,防區弟兄們最不願面對的恐怖植物,竟是藥材商眼中的寶。<br />
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何致和說,東引島上土質窮惡,野地只會長出割人臉的芒草和刺人雙手的東引地雷。我想,這「東引地雷」是一種草兩樣情,防區弟兄與鄉親民眾對其有各自的生命故事與相處之道,是阿兵哥們恨之入骨牙癢癢,在防區裡與阿兵哥們展開土地爭奪戰,也是在地鄉親傳承老祖先們的生活草藥智慧,但無論是哪一種,眼前所見的南國薊堅強地在冷冽的寒風中發芽茁壯,幾經淬煉,靜待夏天來臨,只為在野地裡綻放最美麗的自己。<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01864604766046776450noreply@blogger.com0